No abstract

Arginine : lysine in the ratio of 5 : 1 plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases, especially as a nitric oxide precursor leading to vasodilation and inhibiting angiotensin-I converting enzyme in renin angiotensin system.

Rice bran (RB), a byproduct of rice milling industry, is a rich source of nutraceuticals and nutrients. However its utility is limited due to the presence of lipase and lipoxygenase which initiates rancidity on milling. The aim of this investigation is to prevent oxidation of free fatty acids by enzymatic approach for its effective utilization. The enzymatic treatment comprised of alcalase treatment for complete inactivation of lipase along with reduction in lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and endoglucanase for improving the soluble fiber content. The enzyme treated rice bran was drum dried for further use. The nutraceutical molecules like γ-oryzanol, α-tocopherol and polyphenols were retained in the range of 68 to 110 % and the total antioxidant activity was improved. By the action of endoglucanase the complex carbohydrate was converted into glucose (72.28 %), cellobiose (18.36 %) and cellotriose (9.36 %). The prebiotic effect of enzyme treated rice bran was evaluated by the action of lactobacillus which was measured through the release of the short chain free fatty acids (SCFAs) analyzed by HPLC. The SCFAs; acetic acid and propionic acid increased by 1.72 folds and 2.12 folds respectively. Bcomplex vitamins showed maximum retention with vitamins like B1 (66.3 %), B2 (68.3 %) and B3 (55.0 %) after enzyme treatment. At different humidity levels, storage studies showed no change in LOX activity and also retained ubiquinol-10 in reduced state in enzyme treated RB for a period of 3 months. A stabilized RB has been developed enriched with short chain prebiotics and antioxidant molecules.

The research looked at the effects of high arginine and high lysine on the expression of transcriptional cardiometabolic indicators and nephrological hypertension markers in Wistar rats. Hypertensive Wistar rats were administered diets supplemented with two dietary amino acids, arginine and lysine. Biochemical indicators, as well as molecular indicators of vasodilator, nephrotoxic, and lipid-lowering, were studied. After 6 weeks of supplementing with high arginine (HA), the group's systolic blood pressure dropped by 25.0 mmHg. The effects of high arginine and high lysine treatment were measured using mRNA of vasodilator markers nephrotoxic markers, and lipid-lowering markers in Wistar rats. Our findings show that dietary supplementation with high arginine reduces nephrotoxicity and influences the metabolic pathways of cardiometabolic markers, hypercholesterolemia markers, and high lysine markers. Hypertension is the multifactorial ailment that affects over one billion individuals, cardiovascular disease, roughly one-third of world population, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an ignored medical basis of resistant hypertension with roughly 490 million CKD patients. In our present investigation, we hypothesise a profound effect of the dietary amino acids, arginine, and lysine, on hypertension, nephrotoxicity, and hypercholesterolemia. Hypercholesterolemia would result from an increase in lysine in the hepatic indicators of cholesterol, fatty acids, and TAG homeostasis. The high arg: lys ratio has a prominent influence in the effective regulation of the hypertension molecular markers in combating systolic blood pressure and controlling the hypercholesterolemia, and biomarkers of renal impairment recovery.