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Background and Aims:Chronic perineal pain (CPP) is a poorly localized pain. Its etiology may be benign or malignant. The ganglion impar is a solitary retroperitoneal structure at sacrococcygeal junction. It provides the nociceptive and sympathetic supply to the perineal structures. CPP has been effectively managed by ganglion impar block. Here, we describe a case series of neurolytic ganglion impar block by transcoccygeal approach, analyzing its safety and efficacy.Material and Methods:In this study, five consecutive patients who were given ganglion impar block for CPP using a transcoccygeal approach were followed up for 2 months. The visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain at presentation, time required for the pain to reduce by 50% after the block, VAS during a 2-month follow-up, time required to perform the procedure, number of attempts, and any complications were noted.Results:All the five patients had an excellent pain relief. The mean duration for decrease in VAS by 50% was 14.8 ± 3.1 min. The mean duration to perform the procedure was 10.2 ± 1.5 min. There were no complications. All the patients had clinically significant pain relief with VAS score of 2 till 2-month follow-up.Conclusion:Transcoccygeal ganglion impar block may offer a safe and effective treatment option for CPP as compared to opioids. This approach for neurolysis of the ganglion impar may be recommended in view of the direct course, appreciable end point, and smaller volume of neurolytic requirement.

A hypothesis that the variation in the apparent pAf for deacylation of substituted acyl-chymotrypsins is associated with a preequilibrium hydration of the acyl-enzyme to form a tetrahedral intermediate has been tested. The crux of this test is based upon the fact that in the aminolysis of an acyl-enzyme the tetrahedral intermediate is different from that formed in the hydrolysis reaction so that (a) the equilibrium for formation of a tetrahedral intermediate may differ with an amine nucleophile as compared with water; (b) the rate-determining step in the reaction of an amine may involve tetrahedral intermediate formation rather than breakdown; and (c) the pK of the enzyme histidine residue responsible for activity may vary when a tetrahedral intermediate contains an amine rather than a water molecule. Any of these factors can be expected to result in a difference in the pH dependence for aminolysis as compared with hydrolysis if the hypothesis under review is correct. The apparent pK's for hydrolysis of benzoyl-, p-nitrobenzoyl-, /j-methoxybenzoyl-, 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-, and furoyl-chymotrypsin are 7. 36, 7.22, 7.32, 6.95, and 7.10, respectively. The p/Ts for reaction of methoxylamine with benzoyl-and furoyl-chymotrypsin are 7.41 and 7.14, respectively. From this it is concluded that the pK variations observed for hydrolysis are not associated with the accumulation of a tetrahedral intermediate which has a substantially different pK than that of the acylenzyme.

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The big data storage is a challenge in a post genome era. Hence, there is a need for high performance computing solutions for managing large genomic data. Therefore, it is of interest to describe a parallel-computing approach using message-passing library for distributing the different compression stages in clusters. The genomic compression helps to reduce the on disk“foot print” of large data volumes of sequences. This supports the computational infrastructure for a more efficient archiving. The approach was shown to find utility in 21 Eukaryotic genomes using stratified sampling in this report. The method achieves an average of 6-fold disk space reduction with three times better compression time than COMRAD.AvailabilityThe source codes are written in C using message passing libraries and are available at https:// sourceforge.net/ projects/ comradmpi/files / COMRADMPI/

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