Background:Curcuminoids are the phenolic compounds found exclusively in turmeric. The presence of these curcuminoids is known to increase immunity and resistance against certain cancers and neurological disorders in humans along with protecting the turmeric plant cells against salinity stress.
Methods:In this experiment, we studied the expression levels of MAPK1 and DCS genes with respect to curcuminoid biosynthesis under salinity stress so that the impact of individual genes can be understood using semi- quantitative PCR.
Results:The expressions of the genes with respect to curcuminoid biosynthesis showed fluctuations in their band intensity values due to the curcuminoid production, which is initiated first in the leaves followed by the rhizomes. Not all the genes responsible for the curcuminoid biosynthesis show positive regulation under salt stress conditions may be due to the severity of the stress imposed on the cultivars.
Conclusions:In our findings, both the genes MAPK1 and DCS genes are down-regulated for curcuminoid biosynthesis compared to the controls in both the cultivars Vallabh Sharad and New Selection 1.
Aim: Nowadays, turmeric value has increased with the presence of curcumin content and total phenols, as they are highly advantageous and useful in different areas of study. Salinity stress is also a major problem in certain areas under which many turmeric germplasms show reduced phenolic compounds and curcumin content. Therefore, the present study is aimed at identifying the different varieties that are diverse with high yields and maximum production so that the salt stress effects can be studied.
Methodology: This study was carried out using Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD). Statistical analysis was done by applying the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) in relation to the concentrations of total phenolic compounds and curcumin content.
Results: We observed, a gradual rise in the total phenol content and curcumin content in all the germplasms. In particular, treatments including maximum salinity stress like 100 mM concentration gave better results compared to the control and 50 mM concentration (Figs. 2 & 3). These observations can be considered as stress-responsive mechanisms developed by the turmeric plants under salt stress conditions. Compared to all the selected germplasms, Vallabh Sharad and Selection 1 gave maximum output for total phenol content. 2.12 (leaf) and 0.28 (rhizome) values, which are maximum compared to controls observed in the case of 100 mM concentration. Also, Selection 1 gave 0.58 (rhizome) curcumin content, which is the maximum compared to the control.
Conclusions: Therefore, this increase in the phytochemicals in plants, helps in the increase of the medicinal properties in the turmeric plants also, internally protecting them from salt stress.
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