The specificity and negative predictive value make serum suPAR a potential screening tool for the early detection of HCC in patients with chronic liver disorders.

Aims  The aim of this study was to determine the contemporary use of reperfusion therapy in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) member and affiliated countries and adherence to ESC clinical practice guidelines in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods and results  Prospective cohort (EURObservational Research Programme STEMI Registry) of hospitalized STEMI patients with symptom onset <24 h in 196 centres across 29 countries. A total of 11 462 patients were enrolled, for whom primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (total cohort frequency: 72.2%, country frequency range 0–100%), fibrinolysis (18.8%; 0–100%), and no reperfusion therapy (9.0%; 0–75%) were performed. Corresponding in-hospital mortality rates from any cause were 3.1%, 4.4%, and 14.1% and overall mortality was 4.4% (country range 2.5–5.9%). Achievement of quality indicators for reperfusion was reported for 92.7% (region range 84.8–97.5%) for the performance of reperfusion therapy of all patients with STEMI <12 h and 54.4% (region range 37.1–70.1%) for timely reperfusion. Conclusions  The use of reperfusion therapy for STEMI in the ESC member and affiliated countries was high. Primary PCI was the most frequently used treatment and associated total in-hospital mortality was below 5%. However, there was geographic variation in the use of primary PCI, which was associated with differences in in-hospital mortality.

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Myocarditis is a rare side effect of the mRNA vaccines with uncertainty around its pathogenesis and frequency. Its incidence varies from 1.4 to 4.2 per 100 000 vaccinated individuals. The incidence in Denmark found of 1.4 per 100 000 vaccinated with BNT162b2 individuals and in analysis using a 14 day post-exposure window the vaccine was associated with myocarditis only in female, not male, participants fact inconsistent with international data, and difficult to explain. In the important review published in Cardiology [3] the authors correctly referred to active vaccine component, as possible cause of myocarditis and speculated on mRNA immune reactivity, antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins cross-reacting with myocardial contractile proteins, hormonal differences depending on age, sex and immune–genetic background. This report raises issues on type, pathogenesis, causality and new therapeutic perspectives