This chapter covers the origin, evolution, taxonomy and geographical distribution (once endemic to the Americas, but is now distributed throughout the world, including Asia and Africa) of domesticated and wild Capsicum species, including C. annuum var. annuum, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. baccatum var. pendulum and C. pubescens. A key to the domesticated species of Capsicum is presented.
Two new Campylaimus species from Arroyo Pareja, Buenos Aires province and one new species and one new record of Campylaimus from Puerto San Julián, Chubut province are described. The three species are characterized by the shape of the copulatory apparatus of the male and the presence of precloacal papillae. Campylaimus bonariensis sp. nov. has slender and arcuate spicules, with well-developed cephalization at the proximal end, tubular gubernaculum and three precloacal papillae; Campylaimus arcuatus sp. nov. has curved spicules, with well-developed cephalization at the proximal end, gubernaculum with dorso-caudally directed apophysis and five precloacal papillae; Campylaimus patagonicus sp. nov. has slender and arcuate spicules without proximal cephalization, gubernaculum with dorso-caudally directed apophysis and two precloacal papillae. An emended diagnosis of the genus Campylaimus and an identification key to species based on male characters are given.
Two new free-living marine nematodes of the family Oxystominidae are described from San Antonio Bay (Río Negro) and San José Gulf (Chubut). Litinium australis sp. n., is characterized by having a rounded tail, by the first and second crown of cephalic setae with different lengths, gubernaculum with apophysis and by the presence of at least four precloacal papillae; Thalassoalaimus nestori sp. n., is characterized by having a conical tail, cephalic setae equal in length, gubernaculum with rounded and dorso-caudally directed apophysis and two precloacal papillae. An emended diagnosis of the genus Thalassoalaimus and a key to species are given.
This paper focuses on Diplolaimella and Diplolaimelloides two very cosmopolitan genera inhabiting lotic freshwater to salty water inland, groundwater and coastal waters systems, providing a review of their taxonomy with new keys, and their distribution on the east coast of Patagonia and inland Patagonia. Two new species belonging to the genus Diplolaimelloides of the family Monhysteridae are described from Patagonian salty lagoons and coastal areas, and the Chubut and Santa Cruz provinces of Argentina: Diplolaimelloides tehuelchus sp. nov. has four bursal and three postcloacal papillae, short gubernaculum, and spicules longer than 50 μm; it has been found in Patagonian salty lagoons and in high coastal salt marsh areas. Diplolaimelloides warwicki sp. nov. is characterized by the angular shape of the spicules and the long gubernaculum. Diplolaimella ocellata is recorded for the first time in Patagonian salty lagoons and new localities in coastal waters are recorded for Diplolaimella gerlachi Pastor de Ward, 1984.
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