This study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro lethal activity of the nematophagous fungi Clonostachys rosea against 5 nematodes species belonging to different taxa. Two groups of 35 Petri dishes (PD) each were divided into 5 series of 7 (PD). Group 1 (series 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) contained only water agar; meanwhile group 2 plates (series 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10) contained C. rosea cultures growth on water agar. Every plate from the two groups was added with 500 nematodes corresponding to the following genera/specie: Haemonchus contortus, Caenorhabditis elegans, Rhabditis sp., Panagrellus redivivus, and Butlerius sp. After 5-day incubation at room temperature, free (nontrapped) larvae were recovered from plates using the Baermann funnel technique. Recovered nematodes were counted and compared with their proper controls. Results shown an important reduction percentage of the nematode population attributed to the fungal lethal activity as follows: H. contortus (L3) 87.7%; C. elegans 94.7%; Rhabditis sp. 71.9%; P. redivivus 92.7%; and Butlerius sp. 100% (p ≤ 0.05). The activity showed by C. rosea against the H. contortus can be crucial for further studies focused to the biological control of sheep haemonchosis, although the environmental impact against beneficial nematodes should be evaluated.

Enteropathies in rabbits are difficult to diagnose; their etiology involves pathogens that act synergistically, causing damage to the intestine. The aim of the present study was isolate enteric pathogens from rabbits in Mexico. Using parasitological, bacteriological and molecular analyses, we screened 58 samples of the intestinal content of rabbits having a clinical history of enteric disease from the southeastern part of the State of Mexico. Out of the 58 samples analyzed, a total of 86 identifications were made, Eimeria spp. were found in 77.5%, followed by Aeromonas spp. in 15.5% and Escherichia coli in 8.6%, which were identified as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and the presence of the following agents was also confirmed: Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Mannheimia spp. and Rotavirus. The concurrent presence of Eimeria spp. with Aeromonas was frequent (15.5%); there was statistical significance for the presence of an association between the clinical profiles and Eimeria spp. (p=0.000), Mannheimia spp. (p=0.001), Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. (p=0.006).

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The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of Lactobacillus casei and a commercial mixed combination of fruit juice that included Garcinia mangostana fruit extract on body weight gain from 7 to 90 days of age, on the antibody response 23 days after vaccination against Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and on the mortality in fighting roosters. Fifty-four 7-day-old birds were randomly distributed into three groups (treated with L. casei, G. mangostana, and saline solution [LC, GM, and SS groups, respectively]) of 18 animals each; all birds were orally treated daily. At 60 and 90 days, the LC group showed the highest body weight gain compared with the other two groups (P<.01). The mean levels of antibody to NDV were significantly higher in the GM group compared with the LC and SS groups (P<.05). Throughout the study the percentages of mortality were 5.55%, 0%, and 22.22% for the LC, GM, and SS groups, respectively. The results indicate that L. casei and the commercial mangosteen dietary supplement intake, compared with the control group, induce beneficial effects in fighting roosters--L. casei on weight gain and the commercial mixed combination of fruit juice with G. mangostana fruit extract on humoral immune response--and both showed none or very low mortality.

Para satisfacer la creciente demanda de alimentos, es necesario impulsar estrategias encaminadas al fortalecimiento de las actividades agrícolas y pecuarias que se desarrollan en los territorios locales, como una vía factible para optimizar los recursos disponibles y generar impactos positivos tanto en lo económico, social como ambiental. Contribuir con la generación de conocimiento sobre los procesos productivos regionales, sus características, condiciones y áreas de oportunidad, permite conocer la problemática que enfrentan, como base para proponer alternativas asequibles que generen una sinergia entre procesos. Esta investigación se realizó en cuatro municipios de la Región de Amecameca, Estado de México (México), en los cuales además de localizar y caracterizar las unidades de producción de hongos comestibles Pleurotus spp. se recuperan los usos que se le da a los hongos y sustratos poscosecha, con el objeto de promover un mejor aprovechamiento por sus propiedades nutracéuticas en la alimentación humana y de los ovinos, respectivamente. En el trabajo de campo, se generó información cualitativa y cuantitativa de las UP mediante la aplicación de entrevistas y observación participante; de igual forma, se realizó la colecta de ejemplares que fueron identificados taxonómicamente y cultivados in vitro en laboratorio, para la obtención del micelio empleado para la genotipificación de las especies. La información generada se analiza de forma integral para destacar las áreas de oportunidad y las potencialidades que ofrecen estos recursos locales para la seguridad alimentaria en la región.

Palabras clave: Detección, leucocitos, Neospora caninum, PCRABSTRACT. Seropositivity to Neospora caninum was evaluated by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) and the DNA was detected by PCR nested with external initiators Np 21-4 and internal Np 9-10 in cow leukocytes from the small-scale milk production system in Amecameca, State of México. A herd with 34 adult females was studied, performing follow-up with blood sampling for ve months. Also, two brain samples from aborted fetuses were analyzed and the sequence of the amplicons in the Genbank was veried. Consistency between techniques was compared using the Kappa test. ELISA seroprevalence was 85.3 %; and DNA of the parasite was detected in 89.4 % of the cows. A brain sample was positive. The similarity of the amplicons ranged from 91 to 96 %, the Kappa index was 0.41. The use of leukocytes increases the likelihood of amplifying N. caninum DNA.

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