The purpose of this study was to determine whether specific predictor variables exist for particular running-related injuries. Data on 134 patients with running-related injuries were evaluated to establish the factors that were associated with specific pain sites. Patient data consisted of a brief running history and measurements of 72 anatomical variables that have been cited in the literature as predisposers to running-related injuries. The descriptive statistics indicated certain associations of variables with each pain group. A factor analysis was used to eliminate multicollinearity and to reduce the 72 variables to 9 factors. The results of a discriminant function analysis using factor scores indicated that patients' membership in one of six pain groups could be predicted correctly in 29.1% of the cases. We concluded that the factors used in this study were not good predictors of pain groups. Physical therapists, however, should publish their data on runners' injuries, treatment, and rehabilitation to supplement the published data that relate anatomical and biomechanical factors to running-related injuries.
Northern wetlands are carbon dense ecosystems, storing 20%-30% of global soil carbon (Yu et al., 2010). Wetlands are also the largest, natural biogenic methane (CH 4 ) source to the atmosphere, contributing up to 30%-40% of total CH 4 emissions from global biogenic sources (Kirschke et al., 2013;Saunois et al., 2020). The global warming potential (GWP) of CH 4 is 27 times the sustained GWP of CO 2 over a 100-year timescale and 79 times over a 200-year timescale (Forster et al., 2021). Future CH 4 emissions from high latitude wetland ecosystems may therefore be a substantial contributor to the greenhouse gas (GHG) warming potential of the atmosphere (Neubauer & Megonigal, 2019).Net CH 4 emissions are dependent on highly localized environmental controls within bogs and fens, and these factors are spatially and temporally variable within individual wetland systems (Bridgham et al., 2013). As a result, dominant controls of CH 4 emissions are strongly context dependent. Discerning the relative and absolute
Throughout Europe in the late middle ages there was a perceptible interest in the way of life and ideals believed to have been followed in the early centuries of Christianity. There was little that was new in this interest; reform movements within the Church from the eleventh century onwards had frequently followed such a path. Accompanying this interest however was a desire by laymen to live in a pious and holy fashion; not to enter the coenobitic life rejecting the world as they might have done in earlier centuries but to live a religious life while remaining attached to the outside world. Perhaps the best known manifestation of this spirit was in the emergence of the Brethren of the Common Life in Northern Europe in the fifteenth century; another manifestation of the same kind can be found in the lower echelons of English society in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries with the widespread appearance of men who vowed to adopt the lifestyle of the desert fathers while performing labouring functions useful to society – as hermits, following the rule of Saint Paul the first hermit.
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