Purpose Today, manufacturing companies are facing a fierce competition and are under great pressure to cut costs for survival in the market. So emphasis is given to enhance quality, minimize waste, customer delight and increasing productivity through reduction in wastage of resources. But, most companies hesitate to implement all measures simultaneously to acquire lean manufacturing because of some practical/ capital constraints. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop a phase-wise approach to implement lean manufacturing. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for an exploratory study using the qualitative flexible system methodology framework proposed by Sushil (1994) and options field methodology proposed by Warfield (1982, 1990) including rigorous group discussion comprising the employees representing middle and senior management with productivity improvement backgrounds. The response of experts was recorded using a specially designed instrument in the light of the parameters suggested in group discussion. The measures/ actions were arranged in the decreasing order of their cumulative score. Findings The paper provides a phase-wise approach to implement lean manufacturing. Mixed approach is preferred over the other three approaches to implement lean manufacturing. Thirty measures/actions contributing to mixed approach are identified to implement lean manufacturing in three phases. A three-phase approach is developed: 10, 14 and six measures in the first, second and third phases, respectively, are identified to implement lean manufacturing after considering the practical constraints faced by the companies. Research limitations/implications All the measures/actions suggested to implement lean manufacturing are focused on the engineering manufacturing industry. Thus, the research results may lack generalizability and are limited to engineering manufacturing industry. The model developed in this research is based upon experts’ opinions. The experts’ opinion may be biased. The results of the model may vary in the real-world setting. Practical implications The present paper provides guidelines to practitioners for implementing lean manufacturing in phases. Hopefully, this study will motivate the firm’s management for implementing lean manufacturing and limiting the effect of practical constraints and scarcity of resources. Originality/value This paper fulfills and identifies the need to develop an approach to implement lean manufacturing phase wise because of practical constraints.
Identity is utmost important in both civil and criminal cases. In many cases, manmade disaster or natural disaster, accidental cases and homicidal cases forensic experts collect evidences to fix identity of an unknown dead body. Forensic expert job become very difficult when dis-membranous or mutilated body or only a bone or a bundle of bones brought for post-mortem examination. Stature is one of the key factor for fixing identity of an individual. Many study have been conducted to formulate regression formula from different long bones for different groups of race, ethnic and regions. This study aims at formulate a regression formula to estimate stature from percutaneous length of ulna of native of Gujarat. This study was carried out in Department of Forensic Medicine, C. U. Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat. Total 800 participants (400 male & 400 Female) were included in study. Their stature and percutaneous length of ulna were estimated with standard methods and manner. Results are analysed and studied. This study shows that there is highly significant in mean length of ulna and stature in both male and female participants (P<0.05). Stature and percutaneous ulna length has positive correlation and regression formula is obtained to estimate stature from ulna length for natives of Gujarat.
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