BackgroundThe study aimed to evaluate the beta penalization factor of the BSREM reconstruction algorithm on a five-ring BGO-based PET CT system and compared it with conventional reconstructions.
MethodsRetrospective study involves 30 breast cancer patient data of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) PET CT for reconstruction with OSEM, OSEM + PSF, and BSREM under variable β factors ranging from 200 to 600 in the steps of 50. Liver noise, lesion SUVmax, SBR, and SNR for each reconstruction were calculated. Quantitative parameters of each beta factor of BSREM were compared with OSEM and OSEM + PSF, using the Wilcoxon sign rank test with Bonferroni correction, a value of P < 0.002 was considered statistically significant. Visual scoring by two readers was also evaluated.
ResultsThirty lesions of mean size 1.91 ± 0.58 cm range (0.7-3.6 cm) were identified. Liver noise and SBR were reduced, whereas SNR was increased with an increasing β value of BSREM. In comparison with OSEM, liver noise was not significantly different from β200 and β250. SNR of OSEM was significantly lower than any other β factors and SBR of β factor less than 500 was significantly higher than OSEM. In comparison with OSEM + PSF, liver noise was not significantly different from β400 and β350-500 do not show a significant difference in SNR and SBR compared with OSEM + PSF. β350 scored highest under visual scoring with a moderate agreement.
ConclusionThe study quantitatively indicates the optimum beta range of β250-450 and the qualitative evaluation indicates that β350 is an optimum beta factor of BSREM in breast cancer cases for 18 F-FDG WB-PET CT.
Bandwidth and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) are PNN-PT-PZ material, it also can be used for medical and the two fundamental parameters which govern the other wide-band sonar applications. Moreover, this material performance and quality of medical ultrasound images. To can be sintered or diced in similar way to conventional PZT; improve theses parameters as compared to conventional PZT basic transducer technology developed with PZT could also material, a new material PNN-PT-PZ in the ceramic family be applied with this material. Thus PNN-PT-PZ is expected with k=0.8 has been proposed for medical ultrasound transducers. Finite element analysis (FEA) has been performed to be an alternative mateial fior medical ulrasonic for both the materials PZT-5H and PNN-PT-PZ, considering 2 transducer.MHz 1-D linear array with single matching layer and water asIn this paper, PNN-PT-PZ material has been boundary condition. The array parameters have been investigated as active material for ultrasonic transducers, optimized to obtain maximum bandwidth. The pulse echo FEA comparisons of PNN-PT-PZ vs. PZT-5H transducer results of the FEA shows that there is an increase in fractional arrays have been described in detailed. Finite element bandwidth (@-6dB) from 60.76% for the PZT to 79.76% for transient analysis for both the transducers has been the PNN-PT-PZ transducer element. In addition badness has considered in the present work to study the pulse echo been found to be decreased by a factor of 1.41 for the proposed transducer material as compared to conventional PZT-5H rsoss nta ftsu,wtrhsbe sdi hs transducer. material as compared to conventional PZT-51 finite element models. The array parameters have been optimized to obtain maximum bandwidth in each case. TheKeywords-Bandwidth, Finite Element Analysis, PNN-electrical impedances (amplitude and phase) of the PT-PZ, Ultrasonic Transducer transducer arrays have been plotted to obtain operating frequency. The pulse echo response functions are shown.
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