We study high temperature spin transport in a disordered Heisenberg chain in the ergodic regime. By employing a density matrix renormalization group technique for the study of the stationary states of the boundary-driven Lindblad equation we are able to study extremely large systems (400 spins). We find both a diffusive and a subdiffusive phase depending on the strength of the disorder and on the anisotropy parameter of the Heisenberg chain. Studying finite-size effects we show numerically and theoretically that a very large crossover length exists that controls the passage of a clean-system dominated dynamics to one observed in the thermodynamic limit. Such a large length scale, being larger than the sizes studied before, explains previous conflicting results. We also predict spatial profiles of magnetization in steady states of generic nondiffusive systems.Introduction.-There are ever increasing technological capabilities in simulating isolated quantum systems through cold atomic gases [1] and, recently, through coupled, controlled superconducting qubits [2]. While there is a commensurately good theoretical handle on capturing ground state properties of such systems [3], understanding their dynamical properties, especially away from the ground state, is fraught with analytical and numerical challenges.Despite this, in the recent years we have witnessed a change in paradigm in the study of isolated quantum systems, in particular with regard to the role that disorder plays in such systems. The turning point came about from the study of Anderson localization [4] in interacting, many-body quantum systems [5]. The observation that disorder and quantum effects can hinder transport (of energy, charge or spin) even at an infinite temperature and in the presence of interactions [6] opened the door to a new phenomenology of a so-called manybody localized (MBL) phase exhibiting many unique and interesting properties. Slow growth of entanglement [7,8], emergent integrability [9], protection of symmetries [10], and change in the properties of eigenstates [11][12][13] are a few of the peculiar properties of this newly identified phase; see review [14] for a comprehensive list. The implications of the new MBL physics, being inherently robust, are far reaching, going from fundamental physics to the theory of quantum computation [15], some of which have already been experimentally probed [16].While the deep MBL region (in one dimensional systems) is well understood, much remains to be said about the conducting regime and the transition to it. Although both aspects are important, here we focus on characterizing the conducting phase, in particular its transport properties, in, what is by now, an archetypal model that harbors the MBL phase, i.e., the one dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg model.Generic arguments and numerical evidence on very small systems (about 20 spins) have been put forward for the existence of subdiffusive transport of spin [17][18][19][20] and energy [18,21,22]. A number of recent works have analyzed its sp...
We investigate the nonequilibrium response of quasiperiodic systems to boundary driving. In particular we focus on the Aubry-André-Harper model at its metal-insulator transition and the diagonal Fibonacci model. We find that opening the system at the boundaries provides a viable experimental technique to probe its underlying fractality, which is reflected in the fractal spatial dependence of simple observables (such as magnetization) in the nonequilibrium steady state. We also find that the dynamics in the nonequilibrium steady state depends on the length of the chain chosen: generic length chains harbour qualitatively slower transport (different scaling exponent) than Fibonacci length chains, which is in turn slower than in the closed system. We conjecture that such fractal nonequilibrium steady states should arise in generic driven critical systems that have fractal properties.
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