We calculate the values and 1σ ranges of the running quark and lepton Yukawa couplings as well as of the quark mixing parameters at various energy scales, i.e. at M Z , 1 TeV, 3 TeV, 10 TeV and at the GUT scale, to provide useful input for model building. Above TeV energies, we assume the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model, and include the tan β-enhanced one-loop supersymmetric threshold corrections which arise when matching the SM to its SUSY extension. We calculate the GUT scale values of the running parameters as well as their 1σ ranges, with the supersymmetric threshold corrections included and with their effects parametrised in a simple way.

We analyze how a large value of the leptonic mixing angle θ MNS 13 can be generated via charged lepton corrections in unified flavor models, using novel combinations of Clebsch-Gordan factors for obtaining viable quark-lepton mass ratios for the first two families. We discuss how these Clebsch-Gordan factors affect the relations between down-type quark mixing and charged lepton mixing in SU(5) grand unified theories and Pati-Salam unified models and calculate the resulting possible predictions for θ MNS 13 for models with θ ν 13 , θ e 13 ≪ θ e 12 . While symmetric mass matrices with zero (1,1)-elements always lead to comparatively small θ MNS 13 ≈ 2.8 • , we find novel combinations of Clebsch-Gordan factors for nonsymmetric mass matrices which can yield θ MNS 13 ≈ 5.1 • , 6.1 • , 7.6 • or 10.1 • , as favored by the current experimental hints for large θ MNS 13 . We discuss applications to classes of models with underlying tribimaximal or bimaximal mixing in the neutrino sector.1

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We discuss how the double missing partner mechanism solution to the doublettriplet splitting problem in four-dimensional supersymmetric SU(5) Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) can be combined with predictive models for the quark-lepton Yukawa coupling ratios at the GUT scale. It is argued that towards this goal a second SU(5) breaking Higgs field in the adjoint representation is very useful and we discuss all possible renormalizable superpotentials with two adjoint Higgs fields and calculate the constraints on the GUT scale and effective triplet mass from a two-loop gauge coupling unification analysis. Two explicit flavour models with different predictions for the GUT scale Yukawa sector are presented, including shaping symmetries and a renormalizable messenger sector. Towards calculating the rates for proton decay induced by the exchange of colour triplets, the required ClebschGordan coefficients for their couplings are calculated for the possible dimension five and six operators. They are provided in detailed tables in the appendix, together with additional helpful material for GUT flavour model building.

We analyse the fine-tuning in the Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (CMSSM) in the light of the present and expected ATLAS and CMS SUSY searches. Even with 10 fb −1 of data and no discovery of SUSY valid regions might remain with finetuning less than 20. Moreover we investigate the fine-tuning price of GUT scale Yukawa coupling relations. Considering a 2σ constraint for (g − 2) µ and fine-tuning less than 30 yields an allowed range of y τ /y b = [1.31, 1.70], which points towards the alternative GUT prediction y τ /y b = 3/2. Relaxing the (g − 2) µ constraint to 5σ extends the possible region to [1.02,1.70], allowing for approximate b − τ Yukawa coupling unification.

The cyclical parthenogen Daphnia is a key species in aquatic food webs. Its abundance is influenced by environmental factors like food quantity and quality, predation, diseases, temperature and washout by discharge. In ultra-oligotrophic Lake Brienz (Switzerland), which is turbid from suspended glacial material, Daphnia density has continuously decreased since the 1990 s. In spring and summer 1999, during and after a severe flood, Daphnia density was below detection level, but the population recovered the following year. Simultaneously, a drastic two-year decline occurred in the yield of whitefish (Coregonus sp.), which mainly feed on Daphnia. Several hypotheses were tested to explain the collapse of the Daphnia population: a negative effect of the suspended particles, a covering of the diapausing eggs by sediment, and a combined washout/temperature effect. A direct negative effect of the particles and covering of diapausing eggs could be excluded. According to model calculations, the spring growth of the Daphnia population could not compensate the washout losses, as it was limited by poor food conditions due to reoligotrophication and reduced by extraordinarily low water temperatures. Moreover, ephippia abundance analysed from sediment cores was consistent with the process of eutrophication and re-oligotrophication and indicated that daphnids did not persist in the lake in the period before eutrophication (until 1955). Like most peri-alpine lakes in Europe, Lake Brienz has returned to its natural ultra-oligotrophic state and is now unable to support a large Daphnia population and fishing yield.

We analyse the naturalness of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) in the light of recent LHC results from the ATLAS and CMS experiments. We study nonuniversal boundary conditions for the scalar and the gaugino sector, with fixed relations between some of the soft breaking parameters, and find a significant reduction of finetuning for non-universal gaugino masses. For a Higgs mass of about 125 GeV, as observed recently, we find parameter regions with a fine-tuning of O (10), taking into account experimental and theoretical uncertainties. These regions also survive after comparison with simplified model searches in ATLAS and CMS. For a fine-tuning less than 20 the lightest neutralino is expected to be lighter than about 400 GeV and the lighter stop can be as heavy as 3.5 TeV. On the other hand, the gluino mass is required to be above 1.5 TeV. For non-universal gaugino masses, we discuss which fixed GUT scale ratios can lead to a reduced fine-tuning and find that the recent Higgs results have a strong impact on which ratio is favoured. We also discuss the naturalness of GUT scale Yukawa relations, comparing the non-universal MSSM with the CMSSM.

We construct a supersymmetric SU(5) x A_4 flavour GUT model in which an inverse neutrino mass hierarchy is realised without fine-tuning of parameters. The model shares some properties with the normal hierarchy model which we presented in arXiv:1305.6612 - in particular the relation theta_13^PMNS = theta_C / sqrt(2). Besides these shared features, there are also important differences, mainly due to the different neutrino sector. These differences not only change the predictions in the lepton sector, but also in the quark sector, and will allow to discriminate between the two models using the results of present and future experiments. From a Markov Chain Monte Carlo fit we find that the inverse hierarchy model is in excellent agreement with the present experimental data.Comment: 18 pages, version published in NP