Cymbopogon flexuosus (Stapf) is an aromatic and medicinal grass commonly known as East Indian lemongrass belonging to the family Poaceae. The grasses possess lemon scented essential oil used widely in flavor, perfumery, food and pharmaceutical industries. The use of natural essential oil in medicine is potent and safe due to their harmless nature. The indiscriminate use of commercial antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infectious disease has led to increased resistance of the organisms and there is a need for search for new antimicrobial substances from various sources including medicinal plants. The essential oils have been used widely as antibacterial agents against pathogenic organisms. The essential oils are known to possess antioxidant activity which is gaining great interest as they act as human health protecting factors and preserve foods from the toxic effects of oxidants. As the essential oil contain great number of chemical constituents, it seems to have no specific cellular targets. A major advantage of essential oils is that they are usually devoid of long-term genotoxic risks. The oils show clear antimutagenic capacity which could be linked to its anticarcinogenic activity. The aim of the present study was to assess the antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of essential oil extracted from the aerial and subaerial part of UV treated plants of C. flexuosus.
Endophytic fungi Cladosporium cladosporioides (F1-MH810309) and Cladosporium tenuissimum (F2-MN715834) from the leaf of wild Cymbopogon martinii (MT90507) were isolated and selected based on the persistent occurrence during different seasons of the year. They were identified based on the morphological features and molecular characterization (ITS sequence), and later deposited at NCBI. Phytochemical studies on F1, F2 and host extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and tannins. The GC-MS of F1 extract (control) under the axenic condition revealed compounds like hexadecane, heptadecane,2,4-Ditert-butylphenol, E-14 hexadecenal, geraniol, geranyl acetate and cubenol similar to the host. The GC-MS of F2 extract (control) revealed metabolites that were unique. Further, both F1 and F2 were cultured in the supplementation of different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of the host plant extract (an-axenic condition). The GC-MS of F1 extracts (test) exhibited good growth and showed the gradual increased production of terpenoid compounds whereas the F2 (test) did not show any growth. These compounds such as hyrdoxymenthol, nor-borneol, cedralacetate, α-cyclogeraniol, campesterol, β-cyclogeraniol, linalool oxide,2,3-boranediol, citronellyltiglate and 2,3-pinanediol were produced in a minor quantity and were known as biotransformed forms of the precursor compounds present in the host extract. In comparison, only F1 was able to produce terpenoids similar to the host species both in axenic and an-axenic conditions. Hence from the current study, the endophytic fungus F1 isolated from wild C. martinii for the first time can serve as a better resource for the bioprospection of an important terpenoid and its metabolites.
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