Digital watermarks are used for protecting the digital contents from unauthorized duplication and distribution over internet. This can be achieved by inserting a unique digital watermark into each copy of the content before it is sold by the content owner (seller) to a buyer. If an illegal replica of digital content is found in the market, the watermark detection and extraction algorithm will both identify exactly who has the legal ownership of that copy and who is the illegal reseller. A number of buyer-seller watermarking protocols have been proposed to address different issues related to digital transaction over internet. The previously published protocols have one or more of the following major common problems which are customer's right, copy deterrence, unbinding conspiracy, buyer's participation in the dispute resolution, middle man attack problems. This paper proposes a new anonymous buyerseller watermarking protocol, for any digital transaction. The proposed protocol is anonymous as the generated watermark is independent of buyer's information. It also effi cient, secure and fi xes all of the previously mentioned problems; and moreover the buyer can check the authenticity of the digital copy purchased.
Secure knowledge management refers to the management of knowledge while sharing among members of virtual communities in distributed computer networks adhering to the principles of security and privacy. Security of the knowledge management over the network is critical, since one cannot restrict the knowledge sharing geographically and moreover the intellectual asset has to be protected. This paper proposes a new architecture for managing knowledge over the public network securely. The architecture stack has different level of security. One can implement the architecture with any number of stack levels depending upon the amount of security constraints that would like to impose on knowledge. Moreover hierarchical access controls proposed in this paper has a number of visual modes to inherit the access permissions and policies of the different roles.
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