This paper describes the non-linear modelling of a double wishbone suspension developed to investigate the non-linear kinematics and dynamics in the closed, spatial kinematic chain configuration. Analytical and ADAMS models are generated and kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the models are investigated. The analytical model of the suspension mechanism is an idealized four degree-of-freedom (DOF) model, with suspension members considered as rigid links and bushings taken as linear spring—damper elements. The simulation results of the model subjected to a virtual kinematics and compliance (K&C) test are compared with results generated by an ADAMS model, developed based on parameters obtained from the vehicle manufacturer, subjected to the same virtual test. The experimental K&C testing on the test vehicle presents a method of capturing the kinematic characteristics of the suspension mechanism. The comparison of the simulation and experimental results presented shows that the models are capable of simulating the characteristics of the pre-existing suspension configuration of the test vehicle.
This article presents a methodology to apply Model-Based Design to develop and automatically optimize vehicle stability control systems. Such systems are employed to improve the dynamic rollover stability of Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs). A non-linear vehicle model, representative of a midsize SUV, was built in CarSim®. This vehicle model is used in Simulink® to design a control system that reduces the risk of rollover. Optimization methods are then used to automatically adjust controller parameters to meet the system specifications that ensure the stability of the vehicle. Cosimulation between the two software packages enables rapid design and verification of control algorithms in a virtual environment. The results of the simulation experiments can be visualized through a 3-D animation of vehicle motion. The control system is adapted for the specific vehicle model, enabling it to remain stable under standard test conditions. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administrations' (NHTSA) fishhook maneuver was used to estimate dynamic rollover stability of the vehicle and benchmark the performance of the SUV both with and without the optimized controller.
This paper studies a number of different techniques that can be used to reduce the amount of time needed to run block diagram simulations. The first is automatic code generation techniques used to create simulation executables from graphical block diagram models. A number of alternative techniques are studied, highlighting increases in simulation speed that can be achieved at the expense of interactivity with the graphical model. This paper will discuss at which stages of modeling and simulation code generation should be considered. The second technique that is studied is the use of computing clusters to distribute a number of simulation runs across a number of processors. With the advent of the multicore processor this technique has become accessible to many more engineers than in the past.
A non-linear model of a double wishbone suspension is developed to investigate the effects of variation of suspension parameters on the transmission and distribution of tire forces acting on the wheel spindle to the steering system and the vehicle chassis. The suspension is idealized as a four degree-of-freedom model, with suspension members considered as rigid links and the bushings idealized as linear spring-damper elements. Degrees-of-freedom representing the longitudinal compliance of the suspension mounting bushings, steering and the rotation of the control arms are considered. The equations of motion are derived using the Lagrange multiplier method, and solved numerically using MATLAB. A system of relative co-ordinates is used to reduce the number of equations due to the large number of geometric and kinematic constraints for an efficient numerical simulation. The equations retain all the non-linearity’s associated with large changes in the geometric configuration of the suspension system. The analytical model can be used to develop a quantitative measure of the importance of the parameters such as mass, inertia of the control arms, suspension bushing stiffness and damping and spatial geometry of installation to the force distribution and force transmissibility to the vehicle chassis and the steering system. The results of numerical simulation are compared with simulation data obtained from ADAMS.
This paper describes a nonlinear modeling approach for a double wishbone suspension developed to investigate the nonlinear kinematics and dynamics in the closed, spatial kinematic chain configuration of the suspension. This model is linked to a nonlinear rack and pinion steering subsystem model in order to study the steering nibble (steering wheel rotational vibrations). The suspension mechanism is idealized as a four degree-of-freedom model for a power assisted rack and pinion steering system, with suspension members considered as rigid links and the bushings idealized as linear spring-damper elements. A system of relative coordinates is used in the suspension subsystem model to minimize the number of equations that would be necessary due to the large number of geometrical and kinematic constraints. The equations of motion for the analytical subsystem models are derived symbolically using Maple and solved numerically using Matlab. The results of simulation of the model subjected to a virtual Kinematics and Compliance (K&C) test are compared with the results generated by the developed ADAMS model based on the parameters obtained from a vehicle manufacturer subjected to the same virtual test. Based on the results of the virtual K&C tests and quasi static simulation of the ADAMS model and the analytical models of the vehicle suspension subsystem, the kinematics results match ADAMS model very closely.
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