BACKGROUND: Eczema of the hands and feet is one of the commonest conditions encountered in dermatologic practice affecting 1% of adults. The patch test is the only scientific proof of contact allergy, a positive reaction to a correctly prepared and applied patch test confirms the person has allergic contact sensitivity. There are not much studies done on the patterns of lower leg and foot eczema's especially from India. Hence this study tries to determine the patterns of lower leg and foot eczema and also to evaluate the common allergens by patch testing. The aim of this study is: To determine the pattern of lower leg and foot eczema. Confirm the common allergens responsible by patch testing using Indian Standard Series. METHODS: A prospective clinical study was done comprising of 50 clinically suspected cases of lower leg and foot eczema for a period of 2 years from September 2008 to September 2010. The study included 32 males and 18 females. An informed consent was obtained from all the patients and detailed history with particular emphasis on age of onset, site of initial lesion, extent of dermatitis, seasonal variation, aggravating factors and association with atopy were noted. RESULTS: Mean age of 50 patients in this study was 44.52 years with a standard deviation of 15.8 (range 7 -70 years). The most common age group affected was 46-60 years (40%), followed by 31-45 years (30%). 32 cases (64%) were males and 18 cases (36%) were females with a male to female ratio of 1.78: 1.0. Out of 50 cases, 23 patients (46%) showed positive patch test result to at least a single allergen. To the 26 allergens in Indian standard series tested, around 19 allergens were found to be positive. Some were having positivity to multiple allergens, giving a total of 51 positive results. Out of which 46 were relevant (90.20%) against which only 5 cases were non-relevant (9.80%) according to the history.

Background: the incidence of depression in vitiligo patients ranges from 10% to over 60%, depending on the outcome measures, sample size and study population. The purpose is to estimate the prevalence of depression among vitiligo patients by conducting a systematic review and metanalysis of published studies. Methods: we conducted a literature search on Medline via PubMed, Scopus, web of science and Cochrane library. Results: 35 studies finally met our inclusion criteria. Our findings showed that the overall prevalence of depression among patients with vitiligo was 35 % (26%-45). Moreover, we observed a variation in the prevalence based on the used tool. For example, the GHQ revealed 30% (20%-39%) and the HDRS revealed 50% (44% - 57%). Our analysis demonstrated no significant differences between vitiligo and healthy cases in terms of HDRS and DBI. Moreover, there was no significant differences between vitiligo and psoriasis in terms of GHQ and BDI scores. Conclusion: in conclusion the current evidence suggests that patients with vitiligo have a high risk and prevalence of depression, different questionnaires have yielded variable prevalence due to the different domains and validation method.

Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, have been rapidly developed and authorized. However, recent studies showed that COVID-19 vaccination is associated with a wide range of dermatological reactions. The most prevalent adverse dermatological reaction observed in observational studies was a delayed large local reaction (DLRs), which is characterized by the appearance of an erythematous and edematous patch at the injection site four days or more after vaccination. Most of these reactions are common in females and resolve spontaneously within a few days to a weak. The second dose of the vaccine was associated with a higher incidence of cutaneous reactions compared to the first dose but milder in intensity. It seems that the Moderna vaccine is associated with a higher incidence of these adverse events compared to the Pfizer vaccine. Furthermore, mRNA vaccines had a higher incidence than vector-based and inactivated vaccines. There is a lack of evidence regarding the side events of the Johnson & Janssen vaccine. Further long-term, multicenter studies are required to compare these vaccines and highlight the best practice in managing these reactions.