Coronavírus são vírus de RNA que causam infecções respiratórias em vários animais, entre eles aves e mamíferos. O novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) causador da doença COVID-19, foi detectado em Wuhan, na China e teve uma disseminação explosiva fazendo com que a OMS declarasse situação de emergência de saúde internacional. Nesse cenário, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a percepção de alunos do ensino médio sobre a pandemia COVID-19. Para tanto, um questionário contendo 10 perguntas fechadas foi aplicado a 99 alunos da rede pública da cidade de Imperatriz, Maranhão, entre os dias 22 e 27 de abril de 2020 por meio da plataforma de pesquisas Survio. As análises estatísticas foram feitas por meio do software SigmaPlot para realizar os testes de correlações de Spearman. Os alunos que se informam prioritariamente através das mídias sociais tenderam a acreditar que o Sars-CoV-2 foi criado em laboratório (valor de p 0,0384), a praticar menos medidas de contenção contra a disseminação do vírus (valor de p 0,00105) e a defender o uso indiscriminado da hidroxicloroquina por todos os infectados (valor de p 0,0282). Recomenda-se, portanto, o combate a fake news e incentivo ao conhecimento científico.
This case study aimed to apply, adapt and then evaluate a didactic approach to combat fake news, through scientific literacy in the context of emergency remote education (ERE) with a focus on COVID-19. For this, virtual workshops were held in 2020 with high school students from two public schools in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. All the ethical guidelines of Resolution CNS 510/2016 were followed. In the workshops, the students were exposed to the situation-problem of differentiating fake news from reliable news by identifying typical characteristics of either type of information. There were 18 characteristics for fake news and 18 characteristics for reliable news, of which 50% and 83.3% are unpublished, respectively. In addition, four fake news features and four reliable news features were observed by the students exclusively related to COVID-19. Thus, the adaptation to ERE that is proposed in the present study proved effective and could subsidize any work that aims to prepare students to better understand what is true and what is untrue in the world of the Internet, especially regards to in social media.
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