Feeding strategies of tilapia (initial average weight: 32 g) cultivated with Biofloc technology (BFT) (carbon source: sugarcane, C:N ratio: 6:1) for 56 days were studied. A 4 × 3 factorial experimental design was used with four feeding frequencies (one, two, three and four times a day) and three feeding rates (50%, 75% and 100% consumption in relation to apparent satiety), with four replicates. Lower levels of dissolved oxygen, protein retention rate and body protein content were found in fish fed once a day. The reduction in feeding rate resulted in lower average final weight and reduced growth but promoted a decrease in the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen, solids, hepatosomatic index and body lipids. We found better efficiency of protein utilization at 75% feed. The nutritional value of the floc was not affected by the feeding frequency, and the feeding rate reduction from 100% to 75% did not alter the protein content of the floc. Thus, twice‐daily feeding frequency is sufficient for Nile tilapia fingerlings reared in BFT. Although the feeding rate of 100% satiety has led to better performance, it may not be the best option in BFT due to higher feed conversion and reduction of water quality.
Equine granulocytic anaplasmosis is caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, a gram negative, obligatory intracellular bacterium, member of Anaplasmataceae family, included in the Rickettsiales order. Little is known about the disease, transmission dynamics, genetic diversity and prevalence in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. This work aimed to do a serosurvey using indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) test and evaluation of buffy coat smears, and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as diagnostic methods, to determine the disease situation in horses from two manga-larga marchador breeding farms located in the municipalities of Ataléia e São Vicente de Minas, in Minas Gerais state. It was found that 76% (131/172) of the animals were considered reactive for IFA test, and the total of 12.8% was positive at buffy coat smears analysis. At PCR analysis, it was found 1.94% of the samples positive to the infection. Those samples were sequenced and showed 96% of similarity to A. phagocytophilum from a Ixodes ricinus tick. There is a high frequency of animals with the evidence of contact to A. phagocytophilum on the two evaluated properties in this study, which was proved by positiveness in PCR analysis. New researches must be carried out to better understand the epidemiologic and clinical dynamic of the disease in the state of Minas Gerais.
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