Chromosome 8p11-12 is the site of a recurrent breakpoint in a myeloproliferative disorder that involves lymphoid (T-or B-cell), myeloid hyperplasia and eosinophilia, and evolves toward acute leukemia. This multilineage involvement suggests the malignant transformation of a primitive hematopoietic stem cell. In this disorder, the 8p11-12 region is associated with three different partners 6q27, 9q33, and 13q12. We describe here the molecular characterization of the t(8;13) translocation that involves the FGFR1 gene from 8p12, encoding a tyrosine kinase receptor for members of the fibroblast growth factor family, and a gene from 13q12, tentatively named FIM (Fused In Myeloproliferative disorders). FIM is related to DXS6673E, a candidate gene for X-linked mental retardation in Xq13.1; this defines a gene family involved in different human pathologies. The two reciprocal fusion transcripts, FIM͞FGFR1 and FGFR1͞FIM are expressed in the malignant cells. The FIM͞FGFR1 fusion protein contains the FIM putative zinc finger motifs and the catalytic domain of FGFR1. We show that it has a constitutive tyrosine kinase activity.

Alterations in the chromosomal region 11q13-11q14 are involved in several pathologies in which most of the key genes remain to be identified. In an effort to isolate as many candidates as possible, we are cloning genes from this region. We report here the mapping of a new sequence from 11q13.5-11q14. This sequence, designated D11S833E, putatively encodes a new gene, provisionally named GARP. We cloned its homologous sequence in the mouse and located it on Chromosome (Chr) 7, region F. The human and mouse genes belong to a conserved group of synteny. This, together with the similar conservation of the FGF and TYR genes, indicates that the human 11q13-q14 and mouse 7E-7F regions share homology.

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Fgf6, a member of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) family, is developmentally regulated and its expression is highly restricted in the adult. To gain further insight into the role of Fgf6, we studied its expression during embryogenesis using RNA in situ hybridization. Fgf6 expression is restricted to developing skeletal muscle. Fgf6 transcripts are first detected in the somites at 9.5 days post-conceptus, and expression continues in developing skeletal muscles up to at least 16.5 days post-conceptus. Fgfr4 is a putative receptor for FGF6. Its pattern of expression during myogenesis overlaps that of Fgf6, but both genes are not expressed in exactly the same population of cells. In addition, recombinant FGF6 protein is able to repress the terminal differentiation of myoblasts in culture, providing additional support to the concept that FGF6 plays an important role in myogenesis.

V. Ollendorff : docteur de l'université de Pan•s VII. T. Noguchi : docteur de l'université d'A ix-Marseille Il. D. Birnbaum : directeur de recherche à l'Inserm. Laboratoire d'oncologie moléculaire, U. 119 Inserm,

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Background A new problematic on the gut microbiota of the astronauts and the effects of microgravity emerged recently as that bacteria community is sensitive to physical (in)activity which could be hampered during spaceflights. Therefore, the objective of our study was thus to determine the effects of dry immersion, an innovative ground-based human model of simulated microgravity, on human gut microbiota composition. We collected stools from 14 healthy men before and after 5 days of Dry Immersion to determine taxonomic profiles by 16S metagenomic.Results Our analyses show preservation of α–diversity through Observed, Chao1, Shannon and InvSimpson indices. β–diversity is also not impacted by Dry Immersion as represented by PCoA plots with Jaccard, Bray-Curtis and UniFrac indices. Phyla abundances for OTUs associated to BacteroidetesP, FirmicutesP, ProteobacteriaP and ActinobacteriaP are also preserved. Interestingly, metagenomics analysis of the 32 families and 44 associated genera underscored that OTUs associated to ClostridialesO order and LachnospiraceaeF family are increased (p < 0.01) belonging to FirmicutesP phylum.Conclusion The diversity and global composition of the gut microbiome remained unaltered in response to Dry Immersion confirming the robustness of gut microbiota. However, it’s sufficient to led to several significant changes at the lower taxonomy levels. This suggests that the human gut microbiota, with its known strong impact on human health and performance, is a potential biological target of microgravity and underscores the need to investigate further this new field of research on gut microbiota – microgravity.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03915457- Registered 16 April 2019 - Retrospectively registered - https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03915457.