Two-dimensional fuzzy entropy, dispersion entropy, and their multiscale extensions (MFuzzyEn2D and MDispEn2D, respectively) have shown promising results for image classifications. However, these results rely on the selection of key parameters that may largely influence the entropy values obtained. Yet, the optimal choice for these parameters has not been studied thoroughly. We propose a study on the impact of these parameters in image classification. For this purpose, the entropy-based algorithms are applied to a variety of images from different datasets, each containing multiple image classes. Several parameter combinations are used to obtain the entropy values. These entropy values are then applied to a range of machine learning classifiers and the algorithm parameters are analyzed based on the classification results. By using specific parameters, we show that both MFuzzyEn2D and MDispEn2D approach state-of-the-art in terms of image classification for multiple image types. They lead to an average maximum accuracy of more than 95% for all the datasets tested. Moreover, MFuzzyEn2D results in a better classification performance than that extracted by MDispEn2D as a majority. Furthermore, the choice of classifier does not have a significant impact on the classification of the extracted features by both entropy algorithms. The results open new perspectives for these entropy-based measures in textural analysis.
Using a co-ethnographic approach to focus on one person's story, we explore how a sense of place may be evident in self constructed Gypsy-Traveller identity and narrative. Mary's recounting of her experiences of living and growing up in the Caldewgate district of Carlisle (UK) illustrates the place of family relations as a key element of Gypsy-Traveller self identity and suggests, we believe, the centrality of family and internal relationships as a strong feature in the construction of personal notions and narratives of place for Gypsy-Traveller people.
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