Stressor gradients and spatial narratives of the St. Louis River Estuary, a joint Minnesota and Wisconsin Sea Grant study, connected aquatic science research with spatially-explicit stories of local resource issues and place-based geo-quests to enhance spatial awareness and stewardship of the estuary. The goal of this paper is to report and reflect on an integrated study that combined environmental humanities and technology with aquatic science in a spatial context. Our study was organized into three objectives around research, outreach, and evaluation. First, we summarized anthropogenic stressors within high resolution watersheds and linked the watershed stress estimates to aquatic habitats within the estuary. Second, we designed tools to deliver place-based environmental science and technology to targeted users to increase awareness, learning, and the potential for long-term stewardship. And third, we evaluated the responses of targeted end users to their interaction with the project's integrated science and innovative delivery methods. Finally, central to all three objectives, we created a dynamic website to facilitate regional to national coastal outreach and education goals. We found significant correlations between the stressor index and the water quality and biotic data, along with variability attributed to landscape elements. Connecting this science with the place-based experiences we collected is expected to expand the scope and reach of state, bi-national and non-governmental outreach programs. The project also has direct applications to classroom science education. Developing this integrated proj e c t c o n t r i b u t e d t o o u r s h a r e d environmental and cultural aspects of the estuary for place-based education, and offers several lessons for future work of this nature.
The passage of Measure 91 (Oregon Legalized Marijuana Initiative, 2014) in Oregon legalized the production of cannabis for recreational sale. Since legalization, there has been a significant increase in cannabis production across the agricultural landscape of southern Oregon. Southern Oregon's Rogue Valley now hosts 314 licensed recreational cannabis growers who share a changing agricultural landscape with orchards, vineyards, vegetable farms, seed industries, and ranches. The Rogue Valley Food System Network (RVFSN) convened focus groups across the region to explore the perceived impacts of the cannabis industry on the food system. These impacts were coded and categorized for use in the development of future research questions. Stakeholders identified environmental impacts, land use policy, agricultural best practices, water resources, financial opportunities,
Many studies have examined the differences in DRM tasks that use semantically, phonologically, and orthographically associated lists with a false target. Similar studies comparing children to adults have not came to a consensus about whether significant differences exist based on age. The present study examines both children and adults and uses three DRM tasks. The first list contains a semantically associated false target that is not orthographically or phonologically associated with any other words on the list. The next list uses a phonologically associated false target that is not semantically or orthographically associated to the words on the list. Lastly, the final list uses an orthographically associated false target that is not semantically or phonologically associated to the words on the list. This study directly examines isolated versions of these three types of associates finding significant differences between all three and suggests how this may impact results of similar previous studies and what this means in terms of the fuzzy-trace theory. Background: False memories are a topic in psychology with relatively newground-breaking studies published in the 1990's(Reyna & Farrell, 1997; Roediger&Mcdermott, 1995). Most of these studies have commonalities that have been developed throughout the past few years. The DRM (Deese-Roediger-McDermott) paradigm is a common paradigm developed in 1959 that is now used to study false memories (Roediger&Mcdermott, 1995). The basic idea of the DRM paradigm is to present the participant with a list to try to remember that is filled with words associated to some target without the identified target on the list (Pardilla-Delgado& Payne, 2017). How the words are associated is often manipulated; the three most common associates that produce false memories are semantic, phonological, and orthographical (Lambert 2001; Watson, Balota, &Roediger, 2003). Semantic associates are words that are associated with one another because of a similar meaning (Ex. tree, leaf, and forest). Phonological associates are words that are associated with one another because of a similar sound (Ex. glad, had, and pad). Orthographical associates are words that are associated with one another because of a similar spelling (Ex. why, wry, and way). Often times when individuals take a DRM paradigm, the individuals falsely recall a target word that is associated with other words in the list even though the target was not present in the list (Howe et al., 2013). Another commonality in articles on false memories is fuzzy-trace memory. This is one of the leading theories used to explain how false memories are developed. A contrasting idea is prospect theory, but fuzzy-trace theory often produces more consistent results (Kühberger& Tanner, 2009). This theory also attempts to explain the differences
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