This study dissected 42 cadavers to investigate the level of the iliocava junction and the relationship with the lumbosacral spine and the aortic bifurcation. The iliocava junction was between L4 and S1, most often at the level of L5 (64%) and on the median third of the spine (55%). The average height of the iliocava junction was 15.5 mm. The mean interiliac angle was 69 degrees . It was not related to the width of the iliocava junction. The iliocava junction covered the whole of the L5-S1 disc in 12% of cases. The iliocava junction was located above the aortic bifurcation only in 1 case. The mean distance between iliocava junction and aortic bifurcation was 19 mm. The variability of the iliocava confluence is high and complicates the anterior approach to the lumbosacral spine.
Hubert Lepidi for histological part, has the great merit of having known how to captivate us by the description of this organ measuring less than 6 mm long, 3,5 in diameter and which is not visible at fi rst sight. Indeed it is not easy to view this organ and in order to see it fully, the cleft where the labia minora and the labia majora meet needs to be spread apart on both sides.The name clitoris, which was introduced into the French language in the early seventeenth century, most likely comes from the Greek word "kleitoris" which means "key"; some people could think that there is a hidden meaning here or could simply imagine a full programme.This Lilliputian organ is actually a real treasure trove for the anatomist, histologist, physiologist, sexologist and, more simply, for the sexual partner.The anatomist in fact describes an organ that consists of a glans covered by a hood, held in place by frenula and which has a similar appearance to a tiny penis. The body of the clitoris is attached to two lateral formations, the "vestibular bulbs", which thus constitutes a bulboclitoral organ according to the name proposed by the authors of this book, a term to remember because it conforms to the anatomical and physiological reality. Its vascularisation, its particularly large nerve network and its histology explain its intense physiological activity. In fact, the clitoris is made up of two tissues: the spongy tissue lining the vestibular bulbs so that it can engorge itself with blood and become swollen, whereas the clitoral crura and the body of the clitoris are erectile corpora cavernosa that ensure indeed a discreet but real erection resulting in the externalisation of the glans outside the hood; this erection is the result of a real biochemical cascade triggered during mechanical or manual sexual arousal regardless of whether it is visual or imaginary.It seems that Soranus from Ephesus was the fi rst to have individualised this formation which he described as a wattle with a muscular appearance that sits above the urethra and which he compared to a "nymph" because it is hidden under the labia "like young brides under their veils". In Europe, in the sixteenth century, the successors of the famous Belgian anatomist Andreas Vesalius , Realdo Colombo and Gabriele Falloppio claimed in turn to have discovered this organ in the sixteenth century and also demonstrated its role in the genesis of female pleasure.However, female enjoyment, something which women today insist upon with good reason, was not invented by them, and in the West, there have been no problems with the notion of the female orgasm for several decades. In the West, sexual pleasure has been associated with the idea of sin since the early days of Christianity, whereas it was sung of by Persian poets, immortalised in the Kamasutra and revered by Taoists. Curiously, this notion of female pleasure was tolerated by Catholics, Protestants and Jews until the eighteenth century because the religious leaders of these three monotheistic religions were well aware that...
The dissection of 48 cadaveric specimens has been compared with operative findings for a review of the shape, size and site of this gland in the adult. The structure of the thymic compartment and the relations of the thymus, particularly with the vessels of the superior mediastinum and the base of the neck, were studied. The relative positions of the inferior parathyroid glands and the thymus were identified, with respect to the influence of this topography on the surgery of these glands. The arterial suply to the thymus, which is still very abundant in the adult, presupposes a functional organ whose physiologic involution is slow.
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