Background:E-cadherin is expressed in most normal epithelial tissues. Selective loss of E-cadherin can cause dedifferentiation and invasiveness in human carcinomas, leading E-cadherin to be classified as a tumor suppressor. Loss of E-cadherin has been demonstrated in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast, but the relationship between E-cadherin expression and breast cancer histopathology and prognosis is less clear.Aim:Our objective was to assess loss of E-cadherin as a diagnostic breast cancer biomarker and as an aid to the sub-classification of invasive breast cancer. We also correlated the loss of expression of E-cadherin with various clinical and pathologic prognostic factors.Material and Methods:Breast cancer specimens after modified radical mastectomy were obtained from women who underwent surgery at Grant Medical College and Sir J.J Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India between May 2007 and October 2010. We stained 276 breast cancers specimens with monoclonal antibodies to E-cadherin. The breast cancers were classified by histopathological type.Results:A statistical correlation of E-cadherin loss with a positive diagnosis of invasive lobular carcinoma was found, but there was no correlation with any prognostic tumor variables. A negative E-cadherin stain was a sensitive and specific biomarker to confirm the diagnosis of invasive lobular carcinoma (specificity 97.7%; negative predictive value 96.8%; sensitivity 88.1%; and positive predictive value 91.2%). Positive E-cadherin expression was also associated with tubulolobular carcinomas.Conclusions:E-cadherin immunohistochemistry is helpful in classifying breast cancer cases with indeterminate histopathologic features. E-cadherin loss is uncommon in non-lobular carcinomas but shows no correlation to currently established prognostic variables.
The present study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of association between homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B 12 in patients with preeclampsia. Fifty preeclamptic patients from gynecology ward were studied for estimation of serum homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B 12 over a period of October 2007 to June 2010. Serum homocysteine and folic acid, and vitamin B 12 were determined by means of Immulite 1000 analyzer. The statistical analysis of study group of preeclampsia compared with normotensive control group, showed significant alterations in serum homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B 12 concentrations in preeclampsia. Inverse association between serum homocysteine and folic acid, and vitamin B 12 levels were observed in preeclampsia. The present study found hyperhomocysteinemia and deficiency of folic acid and vitamin B 12 along with increased blood pressure as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in preeclampsia.
Background:Symptomatic intervertebral disc degeneration is being recently reported in younger population, questions the basis of its degenerative etiology. Latest evidences show that genetics play a significant role. Collagen IX, an important constituent of disc, is found to be altered in genetically predisposed individuals. Mutations have been reported in COL9A2 and COL9A3 genes, which encode Collagen IX, in Finnish and various other populations. The purpose of the present study is to test the significance of these genes in the Indian population.Materials and Methods:One hundred proven cases of intervertebral disc disease (IDD) of various regions of spine were selected for the study, along with matched controls. They were tested for the above mentioned alleles by allelic discrimination method with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) study after isolation of DNA from blood sample. Each blood sample was classified into one of the three types – homozygous, heterozygous, and wild (normal) type allele – separately for COL9A2 and COL9A3 genes.Results:Homozygosity for COL9A2 allelic variation was associated with 100% occurrence of the disease. Heterozygous allele of COL9A2 was significantly higher in the study group (42%) as compared to the control group (17%). In contrast, allelic variation in COL9A3 gene was found to have no significant correlation with disc disease. There was no single patient with homozygous allelic variation for COL9A3, suggesting predominance of COL9A2 variation in the Indian population.Conclusion:This candidate gene strategy approach adds considerably to our knowledge of genetic makeup of Indian populations in relation with disc disease. This study highlights importance of COL9A2 gene variation especially of homozygous variety in contrast to COL9A3 variation in causing disc disease in Indian population.
Carbonyl content may has a role as a biomarker for detecting oxidative DNA damage induced ART toxicity and/or accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS patients. Larger studies are warranted to elucidate the role of carbonyl content as a biomarker for premature aging in HIV/AIDS patients.
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