Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.)is a potential legume crop of the tropics with high protein and oil content in the seeds. Analysis of the mutual genotypic relationships among twenty four genotypes of P. tetragonolobus through Mantel test found a significant correlation (r = 0.839) between similarity matrices of the results obtained from the use of the RAPD and ISSR molecular markers. The UPGMA tree based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient generated from their cumulative data showed two distinct clusters and seven sub-clusters among these accessions. Quantification of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannin revealed the highest percentage of occurrence of kaempferol (1.07 -790.5 μg/g) and the lowest percentage of gallic acid (0.09 -3.49 μg/g) in the seeds. Phytochemical analysis of the winged bean genotypes revealed that, some of the exotic lines are distinct. Analysis of photosynthesis rate, photosynthetic yield and stomatal conductance data also showed two clusters and was in congruence with the phytochemical affinities of the genotypes. The overall high level of polymorphism and varied range of genetic distances across the genotypes revealed a wide range of genetic base of P. tetragonolobus. The present investigation therefore, has provided significant insights for further improvement of winged bean germplasm for its qualitative and quantitative traits.
Condensed tannin (CT) or proanthocyanidin (PA) is a unique group of phenolic metabolite with high molecular weight with specific structure. It is reported that, the presence of high-CT in the legumes adversely affect the nutrients in the plant and impairs the digestibility upon consumption by animals. Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) is one of the promising underutilized legume with high protein and oil-content. One of the reasons for its underutilization is due to the presence of CT. Transcriptome sequencing of leaves of two diverse CT-containing lines of P. tetragonolobus was carried out on Illumina Nextseq 500 sequencer to identify the underlying genes and contigs responsible for CT-biosynthesis. RNA-Seq data generated 102586 and 88433 contigs for high (HCTW) and low CT (LCTW) lines of P. tetragonolobus, respectively. Based on the similarity searches against gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database revealed 5210 contigs involved in 229 different pathways. A total of 1235 contigs were detected to differentially express between HCTW and LCTW lines. This study along with its findings will be helpful in providing information for functional and comparative genomic analysis of condensed tannin biosynthesis in this plant in specific and legumes in general.
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. is a tropical legume with potential nutritional properties. In present study, the physical properties and proximate composition of the seeds were evaluated. Besides, the physico-chemical properties of fatty oil from fully mature seeds were also studied. The fatty oil compositions of immature, mature and fully mature seeds were evaluated by GC-FID, GC/MS and 1 H-NMR. The study revealed that, fatty oil from fully mature seeds contained high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (75.5 %), whereas immature seeds contained higher percentage of saturated fatty acid (61.3 %). In addition, unsaponification matter (0.25 %) of fatty oil was identified as stigmasterol (66.4 %) and β-sitosterol (25.1 %). Total lipids of fully mature seeds were extracted and isolated as neutral, glyco-and phospholipids. Overall, the fatty oil of fully mature seeds was enriched with mono-unsaturated fatty acids (38.6 %) and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (36.9 %) without trans-fatty acids, thus meeting the edible oil standard.
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