We report the unique design and prototype of a portable gas sensor module for monitoring greenhouse gases. The commercially available gas sensors (MQ-02, MQ-135, and TGS2602) were adopted in designing the module using Arduino Uno. Different locations in the city of Solapur, India (17.6599° N, 75.9064° E), were scanned for the usability of the developed prototype of the mobile gas sensor module. The choice of gas sensors in combination with Arduino Uno led to an excellent prototype for measuring the concentration of greenhouse gases, and therefore the wrong alarm for toxic gases. The prototype model and corresponding greenhouse gas concentrations (ppm) are described using an interplay of sensor design, software program, and greenhouse gases sites.

Herein, for the first time the carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by reflux method from sawmill waste material. We also represent a novel strategy based on fluorescent CDs for determination of ponceau 4R and allura red dyes in soft drinks. Interestingly, both the dyes were sensitive and showed effective fluorescence quenching of the CDs owing to the interaction between them. The analytical applicability of CDs were evaluated for detection of both the dyes with a good linear relationship between the concentration range of 0.0 to 3.0 µg mL−1 and having detection limit 0.45 and 0.47 µg mL−1 for allura red and ponceau 4R dyes respectively. Meanwhile, the potential application of this novel fluorescent probe for dyes determination in real samples was validated in different soft drink samples with good accuracy and precision. Thus, these findings provides new insights for the potential risk assessment of both the dyes. Moreover, CDs acted as an excellent fluorescent material in cellular imaging owing to their cellular uptake and localization.

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The eco-friendly and sustainable technique was developed to resolve the problem of heavy metal pollution. In the present study, the removal of cobalt (Co (II)) was carried out using the activated carbon (AC). Activated carbon compound was prepared using selected plants such as Ficus benghalensis (FB), Mangifera indica (MI), Tamarindus indica (TI), Azadirachta indica (AI) and Syzygium cumini (SC). The characterization of the products was done by using the scanning electronic microscope (SEM) in order to know the microstructure of AC. It shows that prepared activated carbons (PACs) are porous in nature having the elevated surface area for effective adsorption and applicable for the mitigation of heavy metals. The study involves the effect of dose, concentration and contact time for removal of Co (II) and to assess the efficiency of PACs. The results reveal that the adsorption of Co (II) observed to be highest at 5g PAC-AI, PAC-MI and 6g for PAC-TI, PAC-FB, PAC-SC dose, respectively. Maximum adsorption was exhibited in a solution containing 25 mg/L concentration of Co (II) after addition of a mixed dose of PACs. The comparable adsorption was observed at contact time for PAC-AI, PAC-TI, PAC-FB, PAC-SC at 120 minutes and PAC-MI for 30 minutes respectively. Moreover, it is a need for continuous monitoring and further research for the development of an eco-friendly and advanced method to remove heavy metals.

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