Odontogenic tumors are a group of heterogeneous lesions, features of which have been catalogued for several decades. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a relatively rare and distinct odontogenic tumor that is exclusively odontogenic epithelium in origin. Although considerable number of reports is available with regard to the clinical and histological spectrum of AOT, very few have highlighted its varied histological presentations. Therefore, this article focuses on the assorted histoarchitectural patterns of AOT.

S100A4, a biomarker of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), plays an important role in invasion and metastasis by promoting cancer cell motility. In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), metastasis results in 90% of cancer associated mortality.ObjectiveTo investigate the role of S100A4 expression as an important component of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) program in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Material and MethodsS100A4 protein expression was assessed semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemistry in 47 histologically confirmed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 10 normal oral mucosal biopsies. The association between the S100A4 overexpression and the aggressive features of OSCC were analyzed by X2 test.ResultsModerate to strong cytoplasmic expression of S100A4 was observed in 30 out of 47 specimens of OSCC (64%). Overexpression of S100A4 was significantly associated with the clinical stage, lymph node involvement, metastases, pattern of invasion and recurrence (p<0.05).ConclusionS100A4 expression represents an important biomarker of prognostic significance that may be used to identify a subset of patients at high risk of invasion and metast

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Background:Identification is of paramount importance in any forensic investigation. Positive identification of living or deceased using distinctive traits is a cornerstone of forensic science. The uniqueness of these patterns and subtle distinction between traits has offered worthy supplemental tools in establishing the true nature of facts.Aim:The first aim of our study was to determine the most common pattern of lip prints, palatal rugae, and finger prints in the study subjects. Secondly, to determine if any specific pattern of lip print, palatal rugae, or the finger print concurs in individuals, and thereby establish a database of these prototypes for human identification from a defined cohort.Materials and Methods:The sample size comprised 100 female students of a dental college staying together in the hostel. Lip prints were recorded on a white bond sheet using lipstick, palatal rugae on dental casts, and finger prints using printer's blue ink.Results:Our observation suggested that the reticular pattern of lip print, the wavy pattern of palatal rugae, and the loop pattern of finger prints were the predominant patterns. Correlation of the three parameters did not reveal significant differences.Conclusions:This approach of human identification utilizing conventional techniques and relevant parameters is pertinent in defined groups. However, larger representative sample with robust analytical tools may provide a necessary blueprint of human identification.

Experiential learning is not merely a set of tools and techniques to provide experiences for knowledge and skills acquisition but also learning that embraces certain principles that must be present at some time during learning. These principles are (a) a mixture of content and process, (b) an absence of excessive judgment, (c) engagement in purposeful endeavors, (d) encouraging the big-picture perspective, (e) the role of reflection, (f) emotional investment, (g) reexamination of values, (h) meaningful relationships, and (i) learning outside one's perceived comfort zones. We implemented and evaluated a learning initiative in which 30 dental students participated in oral health promotion activities in a residential care home for older adults. Qualitative feedback provided by 24 students suggested that the initiative provided a mixture of content and processes for knowledge application, gave "the opportunity to develop creative interventions and make decisions"; allowed students to "solve problems and share knowledge"; helped them "see the reality more. .. and reach out to the community"; led them to reflect on their effectiveness, "not sure what we have done are sufficient to actually help"; motivated them to "take some time off to understand their troubles" and not just doing what they thought was required; inspired them to examine their values around "feeling of social connectedness. .. and a desire to give back"; and provided opportunities to learn outside their comfort zones, "step out of campus and encounter all the different people" and demonstrated that the experiential aspects of experiential learning can and should be evaluated.

SUMMARYBasaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare variant of SCC having a marked predilection for the upper aerodigestive tract. It is regarded as a high-grade tumour with increased propensity for metastasis to distant sites. The histological hallmark of BSCC is its dimorphic pattern of presentation with a characteristic basal cell component associated with squamous component. We report two cases of BSCC on the buccal mucosa and gingiva, respectively, with the former presenting as a primary lesion in a patient without a positive history of tobacco and alcohol use and the latter present as a seemingly metachronous development from carcinoma lung. The proliferative index of the two diverse yet similar entities was assessed by Ki-67 labelling index (LI) and the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) was detected with p16 monoclonal antibody. The intrinsically aggressive behaviour of BSCC and its association with HPV is highlighted. BACKGROUND

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare, benign, locally aggressive odontogenic epithelial tumor that affects the jaws. Although there are numerous reports on the variants of CEOT, occurrence of clear cells with complete absence of calcification has been a rarity. Histochemical analysis of tumor cells revealed glycogen granules with PAS staining, with absence of CD 1a staining in clear cells, while the amyloid-like deposit associated with clear cells showed green birefringence with Congo red. We report an unusual variant of CEOT occurring in a 27 years old male patient.

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