In this study, what and how phenomenography as a thinking and research approach is synthesized with a theory-based and practice-oriented approach. In phenomenographic studies conducted in the national context, following steps unsuitable for the epistemology and practices of the approach lead to a false perception of the approach in the external reader, and inconsistent information stacks may occur. This study aims to provide a more accurate understanding of phenomenographic thinking and to use it more appropriately as a research method. Thus, the basic principles, concepts, jargon, and reasoning styles about how phenomenographic research can be carried out are presented in depth. Furthermore, this study aims to make the phenomenography approach more visible and applicable to the syntheses it offers. Initially, the philosophy, theoretical foundations, and basic concepts of the phenomenographic approach were discussed in this context. Then, syntheses were shared about choosing the case to be researched, determining the participant group, structuring the data collection tool, performing the data collection process, determining the researcher’s position, managing and analyzing the data, and ensuring the validity and reliability conditions. In addition, case studies from leading researchers in the field of phenomenography were examined for exemplification. Finally, suggestions were made to researchers who will carry out studies based on the phenomenographic perspective.
ÖZTürkçe bu çalışmanın amacı Hofmann, Carpenter ve Curtiss (2016) tarafından geliştirilen Kişilerarası Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeği'ni Türkçe'ye uyarlamaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 380 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Ölçeğin Türkçeye çevrilmesi sürecinde çeviri-tekrar çeviri yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin orijinal formunun faktör yapısı doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile incelenmiş, modelin kabul edilebilir uyum gösterdiği görülmüştür. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık güvenirlik katsayıları incelendiğinde alt boyutlarının .798 ile .871 arasında değişmekte olduğu görülmüştür. Ölçeğin tamamı için iç tutarlılık güvenirlik katsayısı .914 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin test tekrar test korelasyon katsayısı ölçeğin tamamı için .797 olarak bulunmuştur. Kişilerarası Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeği ve Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü Ölçeği arasındaki olumlu yönde manidar ilişki, ölçeğin ölçüt bağıntılı geçerliğinin kabul edilebilir düzeyde olduğunu göstermiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları Kişilerarası Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeği'nin Türkçe formunun geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermiştir. ABSTRACTThe aim of the study is to adapt the Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Scale developed by Hofmann, Carpenter and Curtiss (2016) to Turkish. The study group of this research is composed of 380 university students. The translation-retranslation method was used during the process of translating the scale into Turkish. The factor structure of the scale was examined by confirmatory factor analysis and the model was found to have acceptable fit. When the internal consistency reliability coefficients of the scale were examined, it was observed that the internal consistency reliability coefficients of the four factors ranged from .798 to .871. The internal consistency reliability coefficients of the total scale was calculated as .914. Test-retest correlation coefficients for the total scale was found .797. The positive significant correlation between the Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Scale and Difficulties of Emotion Regulation Scale showed that criterion-related validity of scale was acceptable. The results of the study showed that the Turkish version of The Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Scale was a valid and reliable scale.
A great deal of importance has recently been given to studies dealing with the spiritual aspect of psychological theories and approaches; the aim has been to shed light on the spiritual aspect of humanity through these conducted researches and compilations. The current study aims to explain the perspective of transactional analysis on spirituality in terms of the theory of interpersonal relations and the extent of spirituality on the understanding of transactional analysis. Mainly the views of Berne and the researchers following in his footsteps have been taken into consideration. The experience of self-transcendence has been referenced by elaborating on the concept of autonomy, which occurs in spirituality through transactional analysis. By forming a framework over the transactional analysis view on spirituality, a perspective is offered towards transactional analysis patterns and spirituality along the axis of transaction and ego states. Family prisms, which are especially effective in the process of working with families in the understanding of transactional analysis, are clarified along the axis of spirituality. In addition, brief and summary information is presented about the pilgrim model, which guides transactional analysts regarding the spiritual elements a client brings during the consultation process. This study aims to show that the understanding of transactional analysis is a theory of relations and that therapists do not exclude spirituality from the counseling process but reference spirituality, particularly when focusing on ego states, intimacy, and autonomy, although not on all the concepts discussed along the understanding axis. For this purpose, the study aims to give the point of view on spirituality in transactional analysis theory by compiling the research that has been performed.
In this research, the serial mediating effect of interaction anxiety and insight in the relationship between self-esteem and approval dependence in university students was examined. The study group of the research consists of 511 university students. Research data was collected via “Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem Scale”, “the Scale of Interpersonal Relationship Dimensions”, “Interaction Anxiousness Scale” and “Insight Scale”. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of the data, while Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used in determining the relationship between the variables, and Bootstrap method was used to test the mediation model. According to the mediation analysis results, it was revealed that interaction anxiousness and insight functioned as mediation variables in the relationship between self-esteem and approval dependence. According to the findings, increase in self-esteem causes a decline in interaction anxiousness, which causes an increase in insight, which in turn leads to a decline in approval dependence. Findings related to the model that was tested were discussed in accordance with the literature. Suggestions for researchers and field practitioners were listed. here to enter text.
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