Development of dislocation substructures was characterized in an aluminum killed deep drawing quality steel at four different plane strain deformations. At and above 20 % reduction, the most significant substructural feature was micro bands (MBs). MBs appeared as paired dislocation walls of 0.2-0.4 mm thickness and were always at an angle of approximately 37°with rolling direction (RD). As the traces of the MBs were more than 5°of {110} and {112}, closed packed planes of the bcc system,-they were termed as first generation 1) or non-crystallographic using the convention 16) commonly used in fcc metals. Other than the pre-deformation high angle boundaries, MBs were the only feature with large enough misorientations necessary for optical visibility. At least for the range of strain and strain path used in the present study, the first generation MBs can be considered as the so-called grain interior strain localizations. Relative presence and effectiveness of MBs were quantified in different microtexture components from the MB spacings along TD (l) and the average misorientation across MBs (q MB ) and these appear to determine the stored energies of different microtexture components.KEY WORDS: dislocation substructure; deep drawing quality steels; grain interior strain localizations; micro band; stored energy. Table 1. Chemical composition (in wt%) of aluminum killed DDQ steel used in the present study.
The automobile is composed of many systems. One of these is the suspension system. The main functions of the automotive suspension system are to provide vehicle support, stability and directional control during handling manoeuvres and to provide effective isolation from road disturbances. The suspension system has to balance the tradeoff between ride comfort and handling performance. This paper analyses the passive suspension system and active suspension system using a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller. A linear quarter-car model is used for the analysis and simulation. The performance of the LQR controller is compared with the passive suspension system. The simulation results show that the LQR controller improves vehicle ride comfort.
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