Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop guidelines for the selection of a female advertising spokesperson and brand position regarding the selected spokesperson in the context of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) advertising. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents findings using both neuromarketing and traditional marketing research methods. Findings The findings are based on the results of P300 event-related brain potentials, eye-tracking experiments and a questionnaire research. It was concluded that a famous female spokesperson indeed has a significant effect on FMCG advertising effectiveness. Practical implications The selection of a female celebrity spokesperson when seeking FMCG advertising effectiveness depends on the primary determined aim of marketing communication. If the aim of the advertising campaign is to form attitude, then selecting a celebrity as the FMCG advertising spokesperson is recommended, but if the aim of the FMCG advertising campaign is to enhance brand awareness, it is recommended to select a non-celebrity spokesperson. Furthermore, the brand should be presented at the top of the advertisement’s layout, particularly when a celebrity is chosen as a spokesperson because this allows lowering the possibility of the “vampire effect” occurrence. Originality/value As a study on the effect of a female spokesperson on FMCG advertising effectiveness, this research will be of academic interest, integrating both marketing theory and neuroscience to analyze and evaluate consumer behavior. This research is also relevant to businesses, because it provides guidelines for the selection of female advertising spokespersons in the context of FMCG advertising.
In prevailing competition-based market economy
Nowadays every loyalty program must have some value proposition, it becomes the main factor attracting customer to join the loyalty program. Value proposition, considered as a set of benefits customer receives being a member of the loyalty program relates to perceived benefits. Identifying the influence of perceived benefits becomes important to satisfy customers and can lead to greater loyalty to the program what can result greater loyalty to the store. The aim of the study was to measure the influence of perceived benefits on the satisfaction with the loyalty program in Lithuanian grocery retailing. 312 respondents took part in the research. A structural equation modelling using partial least squares path modelling methodology was applied in order to determine the impact of perceived benefits on the satisfaction with the loyalty program. The research findings indicate that the most important loyalty program benefits for the customer satisfaction with the loyalty program are monetary savings (as a part of utilitarian benefits), exploration (as a part of hedonic benefits), entertainment (as a part of hedonic benefits) and social (as a part of symbolic benefits). On the other hand, convenience (as a part of utilitarian benefits) and recognition benefit (as a part of symbolic benefits) are not important in the case of the satisfaction with the loyalty program in Lithuanian grocery retailing. The study findings imply that it is advantageous for Lithuanian grocery retailers to provide partly utilitarian, hedonic and partly symbolic benefits in their programs for gaining customer satisfaction through loyalty programs.
Research background: The conditions of globalization lead to a situation where consumers are overloaded with commercial information. Moreover, abundance of various promotional techniques makes consumers indifferent to many companies' efforts. On the other hand, organizations are allocating tremendous parts of their budgets to create advertisements which sometimes remain unnoticed or do not stimulate consumer purchase intentions. Therefore, a wide body of scientific re-search on advertising effectiveness has emerged in recent years. Many aspects of advertising have been analysed, e.g. the effectiveness of advertising spokesperson, appeal, layout, etc. However, the research on advertising colour temperature and its impact on advertising effectiveness is still scarce. Purpose of the article: Considering the intensifying competition in the retail sector, creating attractive and stimulating advertisements becomes an important task for many organizations. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of the colour temperature used in advertisements on consumer purchase intentions. Oeconomia Copernicana, 8(4), 657-669 658Methods: In order to determine the impact of advertising colour temperature on consumer purchase intentions, a questionnaire survey was provided. The questionnaire was elaborated based on the analysis and synthesis of scientific literature. Findings & Value added:The theoretical analysis substantiated the different influence of colours and colour temperature on consumer perception. Therefore, the assumption was made: all other parameters being constant, the colour temperature of an advertisement might have a different impact on consumer perception. The results of empiric research revealed the differences of the impact of colour temperature on consumer purchase decisions in terms of an attitude toward advertising and the brand, reported brand-related behaviour. The colour temperature related to insights for the enhancement of advertising effectiveness and guidelines for future research are provided.
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