The aim: Analyze the practice of resolving the problems of protecting the rights of children born to surrogate mothers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and methods: In carrying out the study, an interdisciplinary approach was applied to the analysis of the problem of protecting the rights of children born to surrogate mothers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This approach includes dialectical, comparative-legal, statistical, and systemic methods. The research used scientific developments in the field of problems of protecting the rights of children born to surrogate mothers, international acts, legislation, statistical data. It has been established that although the understanding of surrogacy is the same for all states, there is a rather different approach to the possibility of its application. The issue of providing a child born to a surrogate mother with data on his genetic origin (in the absence of a genetic link with legal parents) should be resolved on the basis of this approach: maintaining a balance of interests between parents and the child, taking into account the principle of the best interests of the child.
Conclusions: It was concluded that the inadmissibility of closing borders and restricting the entry of foreigners to reunite with children born of surrogate mothers. It is proposed to create a register of persons those wishing to apply the surrogacy procedure, as well as the register of children born from surrogate mothers in Ukraine.
The aim: Conduct a comparative legal analysis of the legislation of Ukraine and other countries on the use of assisted reproductive technologies (hereinafter – ART).
Materials and methods: The study used an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the problem of assisted reproductive technologies. This approach includes dialectical, comparative law, statistical and systemic methods. The study used scientific developments in the field of ART, international acts, legislation, statistics. Ukrainian legislation on surrogacy and other ARTs has been studied. The expediency of adopting a special law to regulate the use of ART in Ukraine is substantiated. According to the monitoring data, Denmark, Belgium, Iceland, Sweden, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, and Serbia are the leaders in the use of ART among European countries.
Conclusions: The study allows us to conclude that the legislation of the studied European countries and Ukraine on the use of assisted reproductive technologies are quite different. European countries, except the United Kingdom, are very limited in allowing embryo research. It is noted that, first, not all countries allow surrogacy; second, a different maximum age is set for women to use ART; thirdly, the different shelf life of cryopreserved embryos has been established. The issue of the possible maximum number of implanted embryos into the uterine cavity using ART requires clear legal regulation both in Ukraine and in the EU.
Розглянуто питання виникнення, зміни, припинення та поновлення суб'єктивних обов'язків на підставі рішення суду. Визначено, в яких випадках з винесеним рішенням суду, що набрало законної сили, виникає суб'єктивний обов'язок, а в яких-цивільно-правова відповідальність. Надані певні пропозиції щодо удосконалення даного питання. Ключові слова: суб'єктивний обов'язок; суб'єктивне право; рішення суду; акти цивільного законодавства; юридичний факт; відповідальність.
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