Crash structures consisting of metal/polymer/metal (MPM) sandwich structures with a thermoplastic core exhibit a sufficient energy absorbing effectiveness, comparable or even better than metallic crash absorbers. In general, the crash structures have an unfavorable absorbing behavior at the beginning of the crash, which is indicated by high forces and small displacements. Because of this, the influence of inserted crash initiators (triggers) on the buckling mechanism was investigated using quasi-static and dynamic tests with different trigger geometries. As a result, a slit of 4 mm width decreased the peak force with about 50 % in the dynamic testing regime. A slit of 1 mm was found to be the most effective one for decreasing the peak force. The way the trigger works on the structure transferring it in a progressive buckling mechanism needs further investigation, due to a recorded double peak in the peak force area, which was not reproducible in different samples.
This article examines the effects that the socially preassigned gender roles had on both men and women in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as depicted in Caroline Auguste Fischer's four novels: Gustavs Verirrungen (1801, Gustav's errors), Die Honigmonathe (1802, The honeymonths), Der Günstling (1809, The favorite), and Margarethe (1812). Although Fischer is well known for her radical critique of female oppression and women's limited possibilites, she also demonstrates in her work that men were not simply driven by self-interest and egoism but were themselves victims of a gender ideology that restricted both men and women in their search for happiness and love.
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