Researchers examined the incidence of negative life events and associated these events with psychological scales (depression, hopelessness, self-esteem and state-trait anger) in a group of suicide attempters (n = 101) within the framework of the WHO/EURO Multicenter Study on Suicidal Behavior. Certain negative life events (especially relationship problems and physical/mental abuse in childhood) turned out to be the main indicators of severe mental problems in the family of the attempters (e.g. addiction, self-destructive behavior or psychiatric hospitalization). Significant positive correlations were found between the number of events and some psychopathological symptoms like depression, hopelessness, anger and lack of self-esteem. The role of stressful life events in suicidal behavior is emphasized. Particularly traumatic events (e.g. abuse in childhood) may be involved in the development of psychological and/or biological vulnerability (stress-diathesis model) and cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, in the psychotherapy of suicide attempters, it is essential to explore and discuss negative life events.
The heritability of coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden, coronary geometry, and phenotypes associated with increased cardiometabolic risk are largely unknown. The primary aim of the Burden of Atherosclerotic Plaques Study in Twins-Genetic Loci and the Burden of Atherosclerotic Lesions (BUDAPEST-GLOBAL) study is to evaluate the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the burden of coronary artery disease. By design this is a prospective, single-center, classical twin study. In total, 202 twins (61 monozygotic pairs, 40 dizygotic same-sex pairs) were enrolled from the Hungarian Twin Registry database. All twins underwent non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) for the detection and quantification of coronary artery calcium and for the measurement of epicardial fat volumes. In addition, a single non-contrast-enhanced image slice was acquired at the level of L3-L4 to assess abdominal fat distribution. Coronary CT angiography was used for the detection and quantification of plaque, stenosis, and overall coronary artery disease burden. For the primary analysis, we will assess the presence and volume of atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, the 3-dimensional coronary geometry will be assessed based on the coronary CT angiography datasets. Additional phenotypic analyses will include per-patient epicardial and abdominal fat quantity measurements. Measurements obtained from monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs will be compared to evaluate the genetic or environmental effects of the given phenotype. The BUDAPEST-GLOBAL study provides a unique framework to shed some light on the genetic and environmental influences of cardiometabolic disorders.
The authors' aim was to assess the prevalence and importance of dementia and cognitive impairment in relation to suicidal behaviour in elderly psychiatric inpatients. The level of cognitive functioning (according to the Mini Mental State Examination - MMSE) of the elderly suicidal inpatients (N=62) were compared to the general elderly inpatients (N=152). There were significant differences in cognitive functioning between the two groups, in the non-suicidal group the level of cognitive function was significantly lower. However, mild cognitive deficit or mild dementia were registered in 60% of the suicide attempters. The results indicate that not only mood disorders, but other risk factors (especially mild cognitive impairment), have a key role in developing suicidal behaviour in the elderly. Thus, in the treatment and prevention of suicidal behaviour in the elderly, it is important to apply the complex bio-psycho-social model, in which (besides adequate pharmacotherapy) psychotherapeutic approaches and procedures to enhance cognitive functioning are of outstanding significance.
By design, this is a hypothesis-free unbiased discovery study collecting a large number of biologically related factors to examine biological associations between genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, and phenotypic factors of atherosclerosis. The Genetic Loci and the Burden of Atherosclerotic Lesions study (NCT01738828) is a prospective, multicenter, international observational study of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Approximately 7500 patients are enrolled and undergo non-contrast-enhanced coronary calcium scanning by CT for the detection and quantification of coronary artery calcium, as well as coronary artery CT angiography for the detection and quantification of plaque, stenosis, and overall coronary artery disease burden. In addition, patients undergo whole genome sequencing, DNA methylation, whole blood-based transcriptome sequencing, unbiased proteomics based on mass spectrometry, as well as metabolomics and lipidomics on a mass spectrometry platform. The study is analyzed in 3 subsequent phases, and each phase consists of a discovery cohort and an independent validation cohort. For the primary analysis, the primary phenotype will be the presence of any atherosclerotic plaque, as detected by cardiac CT. Additional phenotypic analyses will include per patient maximal luminal stenosis defined as 50% and 70% diameter stenosis. Single-omic and multi-omic associations will be examined for each phenotype; putative biomarkers will be assessed for association, calibration, discrimination, and reclassification.
-Background and Objectives: Bizarre hypochondriacal delusion is an important content of delusion of pregnancy during post-partum period.Methods: Here we report two cases with postpartum delusion of pregnancy; one with pre-existing schizophrenia and another one with family history of pseudocyesis and schizoaffective disorder but with no pre-existing psychiatric illness.Results: Nosological, phenomenological and aetiological issues are discussed. In the context of novel deficit-and motivational theories of delusion formation we provide an integrated view of the reported cases.Conclusions: The complexity of the delusion of pregnancy should be considered in the treatment planning-particularly in the post-partum period.
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