A szuicid cselekmény hátterében álló lélektani folyamatok vonatkozásában továbbra is kevés megbízható információval rendelkezünk, továbbá a szuicidrizikó-becslő skálák is csak korlátozott prediktív értékkel bírnak. A nemrégiben leírt, úgynevezett szuicidspecifikus szindrómák – mint az akut szuicid affektív zavar és a szuicidkrízis-szindróma – azonban új lehetőségeket nyitnak a szuicid viselkedés komplex értelmezéséhez és az öngyilkossági rizikó becsléséhez. Írásunkban összefoglaljuk a szuicid viselkedés kialakulását magyarázó korszerű elméleti megközelítéseket és a szuicid viselkedés előrejelzésének lehetőségeit, valamint a praeszuicidális pszichopatológiai tünetek pontos felmérését célzó modern értékelő eljárásokat, kiemelve a szuicidspecifikus szindrómákat és az azok mérőeszközeit használó empirikus kutatások eredményeit. A fenti szindrómákra vonatkozó PubMed adatbázis szisztematikus irodalmi áttekintése alapján mind a szuicid affektív zavarra, mind a szuicidkrízis-szindrómára vonatkozó eredmények pozitívak a szuicid kísérletek megjósolhatósága szempontjából, illetve korrelálnak más, hasonló kérdőívekkel. A szuicidspecifikus szindrómák és mérőeszközeik hatékonynak bizonyulnak az elméleti kutatásokban és a klinikai alkalmazhatóság terén a szuicid kísérletek megjóslása vonatkozásában is, így hazai adaptálásuk és alkalmazásuk javasolható. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(22): 863–870.
Introduction Suicide-related Internet use is becoming more common, and many research study its potential risks and benefits. Objectives Data on suicidal thoughts and Internet use of patients with depressive disorders were collected to assess their suicide-related Internet use and its relation to help-seeking preferences. Methods Semi-structured interviews were completed to assess Internet use patterns and suicidal thoughts among patients treated with depressive disorders, and preferred forms of help-seeking were also examined. Results 113 patients completed the interviews, most of them spend more hours a day using the Internet. More than 80% came across suicide-related contents while browsing, a quarter reported specific search for suicidal contents. In case of suicidal thoughts, three-quarters of depressed patients would seek help from a mental health professional, two-thirds from their partners, half from friends, and nearly one-third from parents, other relatives or from GPs. Most patients would prefer offline (personal) help for their psychological problems and suicidal thoughts, online methods were less preferred, with only one-fifth choosing these options. However, a third of them also considered it probable that they would not ask anyone for help. Conclusions Despite of the frequent use of the Internet, online help-seeking is less common in depressive patients. However, in the times of pandemic, online help facilities may provide an opportunity to prevent suicidal behavior for those, who have suicidal thoughts and use the Internet regularly, especially searching for suicide-related contents. In the future, further research is needed to develop more effective online suicide prevention programs and applications. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Background: Several studies demonstrated the role of depressive mood and cognitive impairment in the background of elevated mortality and decreased Quality of Life (QoL) of the elderly.Methods: In the framework of the ICT4Life project self-administered questionnaires and clinical screening tools were used to assess QoL, depressive symptoms and cognitive functions of 60 elderly over the age of 65.Results: Males found to be depressed and cognitively declined more frequently; and had higher scores on the depression and lower on the QoL scales. Depressed elderly had lower cognitive levels and their QoL was significantly poorer than that of the non-depressed subjects. Depressive disorders were detected in a quarter of the elderly, and the majority of them did not receive adequate antidepressant medication.Conclusions: Close correlation between depression and cognitive impairment was confirmed, as well as the key role of depression in the background of QoL decline. Results also highlighted the problems of recognition and adequate treatment of depression and cognitive decline in elderly, which can be further complicated by the common symptoms of depressive pseudo-dementia. Early recognition of depressive symptoms is important not only to treat the underlying mood disorder, but also to improve QoL of the elderly.
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