Currently narcissism is considered one of the most widespread modern "diseases". As a consequence, its different types (grandiose and vulnerable narcissism) have been approached from several different perspectives. The present research attempts to investigate the differences between the two types of narcissism and their links with different cognitive components that are connected to these personality traits. The primary aim of our study is to investigate the maladaptive schemas (entitlement, vulnerability, emotional deprivation) and cognitive evaluation systems (self-esteem, systemizing-empathizing) associated with narcissism. In order to ensure the associations of the observed constructs, we used correlational and a specific form of structural equation modelling (SEM), pathway analysis.The results show that the early maladaptive schemas have a large impact on the development of narcissism and on the empathizing system. The different subtypes of narcissism have different effects on self-esteem, while gender and age have a minor effect on self-esteem and the empathizing system too. Hopefully, these empirical results can be applied in counselling as well as in clinical practice.
While it is reasonable to assume that the passion and drive toward musicianship has its roots within the personality, there are few studies focusing on the relationship between musical practice and personality and their findings are often contradictory. The aim of this study is to explore the differences in personality traits between musicians and nonmusicians. Altogether 355 responders participated in our research ( MAge = 31, SD = 12.4), 189 musicians and 166 nonmusicians. We used the HEXACO Personality Inventory - Revised (HEXACO-PI-R) questionnaire for measuring the traits of the six-factor model of personality. Multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that musicians scored significantly higher on Honesty-Humility and Openness, while nonmusicians scored higher on Emotionality. Binary logistic regressions with stepwise method showed that the main personality facets which differentiate between musicians and nonmusicians are Aesthetic Appreciation, Creativity, Social Self-Esteem, Fearfulness, Greed Avoidance, and Organization. The explained variance of the model ranged between 15.6% and 26%. Our analysis shows that there are several important personality-based features of the six-factor model of personality that could help to efficiently differentiate between musicians and nonmusicians.
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