This study investigates the use of two spectroscopic techniques, auto-fluorescence lifetime measurement (AFLM) and light reflectance spectroscopy (LRS), for detecting invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in human ex vivo breast specimens. AFLM used excitation at 447 nm with multiple emission wavelengths (532, 562, 632, and 644 nm), at which auto-fluorescence lifetimes and their weight factors were analyzed using a double exponent model. LRS measured reflectance spectra in the range of 500-840 nm and analyzed the spectral slopes empirically at several distinct spectral regions. Our preliminary results based on 93 measured locations (i.e., 34 IDC, 31 benign fibrous, 28 adipose) from 6 specimens show significant differences in 5 AFLM-derived parameters and 9 LRS-based spectral slopes between benign and malignant breast samples. Multinomial logistic regression with a 10-fold cross validation approach was implemented with selected features to classify IDC from benign fibrous and adipose tissues for the two techniques independently as well as for the combined dual-modality approach. The accuracy for classifying IDC was found to be 96.4 ± 0.8%, 92.3 ± 0.8% and 96 ± 1.3% for LRS, AFLM, and dual-modality, respectively.

No abstract

No abstract

The only option for cure of Klatskin's tumour is surgical excision. The radicality of the procedure is determined by the extent of the tumour and functional parameters of the patient. Complete laparoscopic resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma with biliary reconstruction is a challenging procedure. The main aim is to achieve pathological negative margins, complete lymph node retrieval and enterobiliary bypass. We present a case report of a patient with hilar cholangiocarcinoma managed laparoscopically. The nodal yield was nine. On 6-month follow-up, the patient was symptom free. The main aim is to study the feasibility of performing this complex procedure completely laparoscopically.

This study was conducted to evaluate the capability of detecting prostate cancer (PCa) using auto-fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy (AFLS) and light reflectance spectroscopy (LRS). AFLS used excitation at 447 nm with four emission wavelengths (532, 562, 632, and 684 nm), where their lifetimes and weights were analyzed using a double exponent model. LRS was measured between 500 and 840 nm and analyzed by a quantitative model to determine hemoglobin concentrations and light scattering. Both AFLS and LRS were taken on n = 724 distinct locations from both prostate capsular (nc = 185) and parenchymal (np = 539) tissues, including PCa tissue, benign peripheral zone tissue and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), of fresh ex vivo radical prostatectomy specimens from 37 patients with high volume, intermediate-to-high-grade PCa (Gleason score, GS ≥7). AFLS and LRS parameters from parenchymal tissues were analyzed for statistical testing and classification. A feature selection algorithm based on multinomial logistic regression was implemented to identify critical parameters in order to classify high-grade PCa tissue. The regression model was in turn used to classify PCa tissue at the individual aggressive level of GS = 7,8,9. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated and used to determine classification accuracy for each tissue type. We show that our dual-modal technique resulted in accuracies of 87.9%, 90.1%, and 85.1% for PCa classification at GS = 7, 8, 9 within parenchymal tissues, and up to 91.1%, 91.9%, and 94.3% if capsular tissues were included for detection. Possible biochemical and physiological mechanisms causing signal differences in AFLS and LRS between PCa and benign tissues were also discussed.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to visualize the prioritization among essential factors of cellular manufacturing system (CMS) implementation using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and analytic network process (ANP) methods. Design/methodology/approach Based on literature review, 4 enabler dimensions and 17 CM factors were identified which were validated by experts from academia and industry. Then, AHP and ANP models are proposed in evaluating CMS implementation dimensions and factors. The results are validated using sensitivity analysis. Findings These models give firms a straightforward and simple to utilize way to deal with CMS efficiently. The two strategies were appeared to be powerful in choosing a strategy for CMS implementation. The two strategies brought about nearly similar outcomes. Both methods consider the particular necessities of the organization through its own accessible ability. Practical implications The techniques exhibited in this paper can be utilized by a wide range of organizations for adopting CMS that have a higher impact on performance and thus overall productivity. The two techniques are explained in a step-by-step approach for easier adoption by practitioners. Originality/value The strength of the present study is that it is one of the first few to be conducted in perspective for CM implementation factors analysis.

We present the method and application of optical reflectance spectroscopy to differentiate prostate cancer from normal tissue using a needle like, bifurcated, fiber-optic probe. An analytical expression to model light reflectance recently published by Zonios et. al. was used to derive optical properties of tissue. A total of 23 cases of human prostate specimens were investigated to analyze statistical differences between the respective cancerous tissues versus normal tissues. The results demonstrate that the derived hemodynamic parameters and optical properties can serve as good bio-markers to differentiate tumor tissue from normal tissue in human prostate.

No abstract