The maternal knowledge towards diarrhea and ORS was inadequate in the population studied [corrected] and there was a big gap between actual and desired practices.

Microalbuminuria estimation is a very important clinical marker of preclinical glomerular damage in patients with sickle cell disease. It estimation would help in the early detection of such patients and prompt initiation of therapy.

Background: Orofacial clefts (OFC) are linked with several genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to explore the association of potential risk factors with OFCs in India. Methods: This was a hospital-based, matched case-control (1:4 ratio; matching done for parity) study conducted in Hyderabad, Bengaluru, and Delhi-National Capital Region. Cases (nonsyndromic clefts) were recruited from treatment centers, while controls (live births) were recruited from maternity centers. p value 5 0.001), and delayed first conception (AOR, 2.55, 95% CI, 1.25-5.21, p 5 0.01) were found to be strongly associated with higher risk of OFCs. Supplementation with folic acid during first 3 months of pregnancy was not found to be protective against OFCs (AOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.59-2.58; p value 5 0.56). Conclusion: Our study confirmed the importance of family history as a risk factor for OFC. Our study did not show an association with folic acid supplementation but was underpowered to detect small effects. Our finding of higher risk among vegetarians requires replication.

Pneumatic retinopexy (PR) is a technique for repairing certain retinal detachments which is easier to perform than conventional sceral buckling (SB) surgery but has comparable results. We performed a prospective, randomised, controlled trial to determine for ourselves whether PR is a safe and acceptable procedure. Twenty patients presenting consecutively with retinal detachments which fulfilled the selection criteria were randomised to have their detachments repaired by either PR or SB, ten patients in each group. The suitable patients had a single retinal break or small group of breaks of not greater than one clock hour in size, situated within the superior eight clock hours of retina. Patients with significant proliferative vitreoretinopathy or other fundus disorders were excluded. All patients in the PR group had local anaesthesia while all those in the SB group had general anaesthesia. Successful reattachment of the retina was achieved with one or more procedures in 90 percent of the PR group and in 100 percent of the SB group. We feel that narrowing the selection criteria for PR may further improve the success rate.

When assessed by PIPP score, 25% glucose and 24% sucrose provided comparable analgesia during heel lance in preterm neonates.