In this chapter, the authors discuss the utilization of e-waste in the concrete for civil construction activities. Various tests have been used to investigate the effects of e-waste mixed with concrete. The various percentages of e-waste have been mixed with concrete to improve the strength of buildings. An e-waste concrete beam has a maximum tensile strength of 6.23 MPa under sulfuric curing conditions, and the highest flexural strength at 10% e-waste replacement during the hydrochloride curing process. The compressive strength is at its highest value when e-waste replaces 10% of it. After 28 days of curing, the concrete cylinder's maximum split tensile strength was 15%. Thus, the e-waste could be effectively utilized for civil construction purposes to reduce its environmental impacts.
This research examined the dielectric characteristics of soils by utilizing four types of soil (clay-loam, loam, clay, and Frank) in a vector network analyzer (VNA) in the 600–8000 MHz microwave frequency range at ambient temperature (25°C ± 3°C). In this experiment, three observations were performed on the basis of soil moisture contents (dry, 33%, 66%, and 100% field capacities (CC)). Both actual (dielectric constant) and fictional (loss factor) parts of the dielectric characteristics improved with increasing soil moisture; however, the responses were not linear. It was observed that dry soil dielectric characteristics were deficient when compared to wet soil. In conclusion, the dielectric behavior of soil mainly was resolute by the moisture in the soil. Frank soil had considerably lower dielectric characteristics, while the Jain University (JU) clay soil had a far more significant dielectric loss factor.
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