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BackgroundIn this mini review, we discuss some of the atypical neurological manifestations of dengue virus and attempt to bring them to attention to highlight the neurotropic property of the dengue virus.MethodsCases were chosen from retrospective hospital and outpatient records of all patients seropositive for dengue who attended the neurology referral. Seven patients have been chosen as illustrative examples of dengue-associated neurological involvement. We discuss the various central and peripheral nervous system involvement of patients and discuss the relevant findings in them.ConclusionThrough this case series, we wish to highlight that the dengue virus can affect the nervous system at various targets, using multiple mechanisms of pathogenesis to generate a plethora of presentations. Hence, it is vital to be aware of its presentations to be able to diagnose dengue and treat it accordingly.

Background Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is fairly a common presentation in gastroenterology and medicine departments, and presents major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study aimed to explore the varied clinical spectrum of LGIB in our region. Methods A total of 138 patients presented with chronic LGIB and were investigated using colonoscopy and relevant investigations. Results The majority of patients were in the age group of 40 to 59 years, with a mean age of 49.5 years, slight male predominance, and male-to-female ratio of 1.19:1. The most common clinical presentation was hematochezia (97.8%). Overall, 15% patients had more than one comorbidity, and 39.13% patients were anemic, of which 7.24% received blood transfusions. Diagnostic yield of colonoscopy was 92.75%. Major causes of LGIB were anorectal causes (19.56%), inflammatory bowel disease (19.56%), colorectal carcinoma (17.39%), radiation proctitis (9.42%), infective causes (11.59%), nonspecific colitis (7.24%), and benign growths (5.07%). However, in the elderly (age > 60 years), carcinoma colon, radiation proctitis, and hemorrhoids predominated the clinical picture. Conclusion Colonoscopy is very useful in the evaluation of patients with LGIB. The predominant causes of LGIB vary according to age as well as geographical location, and mortality of LGIB is negligible as compared with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Abstract, Keywords ► lower gastrointestinal bleeding ► inflammatory bowel disease ► solitary rectal ulcer syndrome ► colonoscopy

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) E6/E7 mRNA tests determine the oncogenic activity of the virus and represent a good clinical biomarker for predicting the risk of cervical cancer. So, the present study was conducted to know the role of HPV E6/E7 mRNA as a predictive biomarker for cervical carcinoma. Methodology The present study was conducted on 55 clinical samples of cervical scrapings and biopsy from the clinically suspected cases (based on signs and symptoms) of cervical cancer having abnormal PAP smear. The samples were processed in three steps—(1) HPV DNA detection, (2) HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection, and (3) histopathological analysis. Results Out of a total of 55 patients, 16 (29.09%) were positive for both HPV E6/E7 mRNA and HPV DNA and six were positive for only HPV DNA. So, a total of 22 (40%) patients were positive for HPV DNA. Out of these 22 samples, 10 (45.5%) were of HPV-16, six (27.3%) were of HPV-18, four (18.2%) were of HPV-31, and two (9.1%) were of HPV-45. Out of total 16 patients positive for HPV E6/E7 mRNA, 10 (62.5%) were of genotype 16 and six (37.5%) were of genotype 18. The patients who were found positive for HPV 31 and 45 genotypes did not have E6/E7 mRNA expression. On colposcopic-guided biopsy, among these 16 samples, eight (50%) were diagnosed with invasive squamous cell carcinoma, six (37.5%) with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3), and two (12.5%) with CIN2. Out of those six patients in whom only HPV DNA was positive, five had normal biopsy findings and one had CIN1. Conclusion The present study suggests that HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection could be more reliable than DNA testing for predicting the risk of progression of HPV-induced cervical lesions to cervical carcinoma and it can be used as a non-invasive tool for triage and patient follow-up.