At NICU discharge, infants with AKI stages 2 and 3 have a higher DBP than infants with stage 1 AKI and those who did not have AKI. However, there is no difference in the rate of HTN between the two groups. At ≥2 years ELBW infants are at risk for CKD independently of whether or not they develop neonatal AKI.
Regardless of the definition, advanced AKI is associated with increased mortality, prolonged NICU length of stay, and poor growth in ELBW infants. SCr at 72 h of life and SCr peak may be predictable of NICU mortality.
Neurotoxicity risks with general anaesthesia administration have been a much-debated topic in the recent decade. Preclinical studies in rodents, rats and monkeys have repeatedly shown accelerated apoptosis and neuronal cell death in rapidly growing preterm and term brains on exposure to general anaesthetic agents. 1-3 In 2017, FDA issued an advisory statement cautioning that usage of general anaesthesia "for lengthy periods of time or over multiple surgeries or procedures may negatively affect brain development in children younger than 3 years", leading to medication label warnings. 4 Clinical evidence though remains limited and divided. In some smaller observational cohort studies and case reports, general anaesthesia use has been shown to have no negative effect on be-
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