Flipped learning was associated with increased academic achievement, greater task value, and more positive achievement emotions when compared to traditional didactic instruction. Further investigation of flipped learning methods in radiology education is needed to determine whether flipped learning improves long-term retention of knowledge, academic success, and patient care.

No abstract

Head and neck cancer accounts for approximately 3% to 5% of all new cancer diagnoses in the United States with 40,000 new cases diagnosed each year [1]. These figures encompass cancers arising from the lip, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx, of which the vast majority (90% to 95%) are squamous cell carcinomas arising from mucosal linings of the upper aerodigestive tract. Other, rare cancers that may involve the head and neck include salivary tumors, thyroid cancers, lymphoma, and melanoma.Early diagnosis and accurate staging are essential for treatment planning and can strongly influence prognosis. Likewise, early identification of tumor recurrence can often be treated with additional surgery or re-irradiation. A combination of history, physical exam, endoscopy, and tissue sampling has historically been the mainstay of diagnosis and staging. The use of crosssectional imaging (CT and MRI) has greatly improved staging and monitoring for disease recurrence. Small metastases and/or early recurrent disease, however, can still be missed [2].Functional imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to fill these gaps and improve characterization of both primary tumors and metastatic disease. PET has been shown to be effective in the diagnosis of many different types of cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) [3]; however, the poor spatial resolution of PET and the lack of anatomic landmarks can make exact localization of disease difficult. In addition, normal

Serum biomarkers may be a metric for assessment of active disease in older adults, in whom imaging changes are ubiquitous. In addition, changing levels of biomarkers in response to activity suggests that they may be useful as metrics to measure treatment responses in future studies and may reflect potential targets for use in designing personalized treatment for older adults with low back pain.

Fluoroscopically guided dural punctures result in few complications compared with lumbar punctures performed without fluoroscopic guidance. Postprocedural bed rest greater than 2 hours does not reduce complication rates for fluoroscopically guided lumbar punctures.

The in‐vitro stability of insulin in the presence of α‐chymotrypsin and trypsin has been evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of chicken and duck ovomucoid (CkOVM and DkOVM), a new class of enzyme inhibitor derived from the egg white of avian species. The inhibitory effect was compared with that of aprotinin. The effectiveness of DkOVM was also determined in the presence of agents that accelerate α‐chymotrypsin‐mediated degradation of insulin in solution by deaggregation. Insulin solutions (18μM) were incubated at 37°C with 0.1 μM chymotrypsin and 0.5 μM trypsin in lOOmM Tris buffer containing 1 mM calcium chloride and different concentrations of CkOVM and DkOVM. Samples were treated with cold Tris containing 1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid to stop the enzyme action and analysed by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Similar studies were performed with aprotinin, EDTA (0.05 mM) and sodium glycocholate (30mM) in the presence of α‐chymotrypsin and DkOVM. DkOVM was effective against α‐chymotrypsin‐mediated degradation of insulin at enzyme‐to‐inhibitor ratios of 1:0–5, 1:1 and 1:2. CkOVM was ineffective against α‐chymotrypsin even at an enzyme‐to‐inhibitor ratio of 1:4. In contrast, both DkOVM and CkOVM were completely effective against trypsin‐mediated degradation of insulin at an enzyme‐to‐inhibitor ratio of 1:1. This effect was comparable with that of aprotinin at an enzyme‐to‐inhibitor ratio of 1:1. Inhibition of the enzyme was reduced in the presence of sodium glycocholate and EDTA. DkOVM effectively stabilized insulin against degradation for a study period of 1 h in the presence of α‐chymotrypsin and trypsin. Because insulin is extensively degraded by α‐chymotrypsin, DkOVM might be used to enhance the oral delivery of insulin.

No abstract

Antecedent antibiotic therapy, regardless of duration, did not result in significantly diminished diagnostic yield from percutaneous sampling for suspected discitis/osteomyelitis. The present results suggest that percutaneous biopsy may nonetheless yield positive diagnostic information despite prior antimicrobial therapy. If the diagnostic information may impact choice of therapeutic regimen, percutaneous biopsy should still be considered in cases where there is a history of prior antimicrobial therapy.