Précis: Anterior chamber depth, IOP, and thickness confounded the assessment of corneal biomechanical properties with noncontact applanation in glaucoma eyes. Compared with normal eyes, glaucoma eyes, which underwent long-term treatment or filtration surgery, had similar properties. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate corneal stiffness in primary angle-closure (PACG) and primary open-angle (POAG) glaucoma eyes that were subgrouped on the basis of the type of topical medication and filtration surgery using noncontact applanation. Methods: All eyes were retrospectively reviewed for intraocular pressure (IOP) with Corvis-ST (OCULUS Optikgerate Gmbh, Germany). Nonglaucoma (n=140), PACG (n=102 under medication), and POAG (n=154 under medication) eyes were included. Corneal stiffness was calculated using deformation amplitude and a biomechanical model. Multivariate analyses were performed, which evaluated the effect of systemic conditions (diabetes and hypertension), the effect of medication (prostaglandins or beta blockers or combined), and the effect of filtration surgery (PACG: n=23; POAG: n=26). Age, IOP, central corneal thickness (CCT), refractive error, and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were covariates. Results: Diabetes and hypertension did not alter corneal stiffness of glaucoma eyes compared with nonglaucoma eyes (P>0.05). Corneal stiffness of POAG and nonglaucoma eyes was similar but significantly different from the stiffness of PACG eyes (P=0.002), irrespective of the type of topical medication. This difference was strongly correlated with ACD (P=0.003) in addition to IOP and CCT. In eyes treated with filtration surgery, ACD (P=0.04) again impacted the trends between nonglaucoma and glaucoma eyes. Conclusions: Medication or filtration surgery did not affect the corneal biomechanical parameters differentially from nonglaucoma eyes. However, IOP, CCT, and ACD strongly affected corneal biomechanical parameters in the same glaucoma eyes.
Esthesioneuroblastoma, also known as olfactory neuroblastoma, is an uncommon malignant neoplasm arising from the olfactory epithelium in the roof of the nasal cavity. There are very few case reports published worldwide. The common presenting symptoms of Esthesioneuroblastoma are unilateral nasal obstruction (70%), epistaxis (50%), anosmia, rhinorrhoea, facial pain, headache, excessive lacrimation and rarely proptosis and visual disturbance. Apart from being locally aggressive, it metastasizes by haematogenous and lymphatic routes. We report an extremely rare case of esthesioneuroblastoma in a 20-year-old man with orbital involvement presenting as dystopia. This rare tumour should be considered in the differential diagnosis for young patients presenting to ophthalmic outpatient department with dystopia.
Background: The study objective was to assess the development of xerophthalmia [dry eye syndrome (DES) or keratoconjunctivitis sicca] in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.Methods: Twenty two head and neck cancer patients requiring more than 60 Gy of curative radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy and ten patients requiring radiotherapy/ chemoradiotherapy for treating cancers in the non head and neck regions (like breast, oesophagus, prostate, cervix and rectal cancers) were also enrolled in the study. The development of DES was studied at the beginning (day 0, before the start of radiotherapy) at day 21 (after completion of 30 Gy) and on completion of the treatment (> 60 Gy). As a comparative cohort, people with non head and neck cancer needing curative radiotherapy were also evaluated for comparison.Results: There was no difference in degree of DES between the Head and Neck cancer cohorts and non head and neck group at the beginning of treatment. However there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between the two groups at both mid and end of RT time point. Inter comparison between the various time points in the head and neck cancer group showed that the incidence of DES increased with the radiation exposure and was significant (pre to mid p < 0.001; and mid to end p < 0.005). A negative (r = -0.262) correlation was seen between DES and distance.Conclusions: The study showed that lesser the distance from the epicenter of the radiation to the orbital rim more was the severity of DES.
A foreign body lodged in the conjunctiva can trigger a granuloma formation. In the past, cilia, caterpillar hair, insect wing and fibers have been reported to incite foreignbody granuloma formation in the eye. Trauma to the eye with finger nail is frequently encountered but goes unnoticed among the pediatric population. Finger-nail trauma to the eye leading to a mass has not been reported in literature. We hereby report a case of conjunctival foreign-body granuloma in a seven-year-old child following finger-nail trauma. Excision biopsy and histopathology of the mass affirmed the diagnosis.
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