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Abstract-␥-Aminobutyric acid-B (GABA B ) receptor function and regulation in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) was examined in Sprague-Dawley rats made chronically (4 to 5 weeks) hypertensive with the one-kidney, figure-8 renal wrap model of hypertension. NTS microinjection of the GABA B agonist baclofen produced a pressor response that was enhanced in hypertensive rats compared with the response observed in sham-operated normotensive rats (36Ϯ4 mm Hg increase in mean arterial pressure in 8 hypertensive rats compared with 21Ϯ2 mm Hg increase in 7 sham-operated normotensive rats, Pϭ0.03). Responses to microinjection of GABA B antagonists (CGP-55845A and SCH-90511), the GABA A agonist muscimol, the GABA A antagonist bicuculline, and the GABA reuptake inhibitor nipecotic acid were not different comparing normotensive sham-operated and hypertensive rats. Renal sympathetic nerve responses to NTS microinjection of these drugs were not different in hypertensive compared with normotensive rats. Micropunches of the NTS were homogenized and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed to examine mRNA levels for the GABA B receptor. There was a 3-fold increase in GABA B receptor mRNA levels in the caudal NTS of 7 chronically hypertensive rats compared with levels measured in 8 sham-operated normotensive rats (Pϭ0.01). In conclusion, chronic hypertension is associated with an upregulation of GABA B receptor function; however, the tonic activity of the system does not appear to be different between normotensive and hypertensive rats. The upregulation of GABA B receptor function might be due to an increased number of receptors, as suggested by the elevated levels of GABA B receptor mRNA measured in the NTS of hypertensive rats. All of these alterations suggest that hypertension is associated with dynamic changes in receptor-mediated mechanisms within the NTS, and these alterations could modify baroreflex regulation of cardiovascular function in hypertension. Key Words: kidney Ⅲ tractus solitarius Ⅲ hypertension, renal Ⅲ receptors, aminobutyric acid Ⅲ baclofen Ⅲ reverse transcriptase T he nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is the brain stem nucleus where baroreceptor afferent fibers make their initial synapse within the central nervous system. Therefore, information regarding the physiology and pharmacology of NTS neurons is critical to our understanding of baroreflex regulation of cardiovascular function. The region of the NTS where baroreceptor afferents terminate contains a high density of both ␥-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA A ) and GABA B receptors. 1,2 A number of in vivo microinjection studies 3-6 as well as in vivo 7-9 and in vitro 10,11 single unit electrophysiological experiments have demonstrated that both GABA A and GABA B receptors play an important role in the integration of baroreceptor afferent inputs and baroreflex function. Since activation of GABA A receptors evokes postsynaptic inhibition and activation of GABA B receptors evokes both presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition of NTS neuron...

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