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Although large bowel obstruction (LBO) is less common than small bowel obstruction, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality due to delayed diagnosis and/or treatment. Plain radiographs are sufficient to diagnose LBO in a majority of patients. However, further evaluation with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has become the standard of care to identify the site, severity, and etiology of obstruction. In this comprehensive review, we illustrate the various causes of LBO emphasizing the role of MDCT in the initial diagnosis and detection of complications along with the tips to differentiate from disease which can mimic LBO.

The ability of CT angiography to simultaneously image the arterial supply, venous drainage and parenchymal changes in a single examination makes it the imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis and preoperative assessment of pulmonary sequestration.

Soft tissue tumors involving the hand are common and most often benign. It is important to know the spectrum of soft tissue tumors of the hand and understand the typical as well as atypical imaging features are seen on different imaging modalities. The imaging features are largely determined by the tumor histopathology; thus, the basic idea about the tumor histopathology will always be useful. This article intends to focus on a comprehensive approach including demographics, clinical presentation, and imaging findings required to diagnose the tumor definitely or narrow the differentials. This article discusses common soft tissue tumor mimics of the hand as well, however, excludes the bone tumors for the sake of brevity.

Purpose-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate has increasingly become more important in clinical medicine due to the risk of over-detection of low-grade, low-volume prostate cancer as well as due to the poor sampling of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in high-risk patients. We sought to determine the access, imaging protocols, and indications for MRI imaging of the prostate in the United States. Materials and Methods-A brief survey was sent through mailing lists to members of the Society of Abdominal Radiology and Texas Radiological Society.Results-Thirty-six academic centers responded to the survey, 88.9% of which routinely perform prostate MRI. Nine centers routinely performed imaging at 1.5T with an endorectal coil (25%), 11 performed at 3.0T without an endorectal coil (31%), and 10 performed at 3.0T with an endorectal coil (28%). All institutions used T1-weighted axial and orthogonal T2-weighted sequences. Most groups used diffusion weighted imaging (94.7%) and dynamic contrast enhancement (81.6%). Only 21.1% of groups performing prostate MRI routinely performed magnetic resonance spectroscopy as part of their protocol.Conclusions-Prostate MRI is becoming a commonly performed examination at academic institutions, with most locations performing prostate MRI at minimum standards. There is a need to educate non-academic practices regarding the addition of functional MRI techniques to anatomic techniques, increase the number of institutions that regularly perform prostate MRI, and increase access to direct MRI-guided biopsy in institutions that perform prostate MRI on a regular basis.

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Adrenal collision tumors (ACTs) refer to coexistence of two adjacent, but histologically distinct neoplasms involving the adrenal gland without histologic admixture at interface. ACTs include adenoma with myelolipoma, adenoma with metastases, hemangioma with adenoma, and adrenocortical carcinoma with myelolipoma. In addition, hemorrhage into a pre-existing adrenal mass can mimic an ACT, and it is important to differentiate these two pathologies. Accurate characterization of ACTs is difficult, but critical, for correct staging of patients with malignancies and to guide percutaneous biopsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and multidetector computed tomography imaging techniques may depict different tumor components separately; however, biopsy may be required in selected patients for confirmation. [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (PET) shows increased uptake in the malignant component of ACTs, and guides percutaneous biopsy. Even in patients requiring percutaneous biopsy for a definite diagnosis, imaging findings can help in guiding the appropriate component to be biopsied. Knowledge of imaging findings of different ACTs and their mimics on MRI, computed tomography, and PET help in optimal patient management.

Leiomyoma of the vagina is a very rare tumour of the lower urogenital tract. These slow-growing masses may be asymptomatic or present with pain, dyspareunia or urinary symptoms. Rarely, these tumours may present with life-threatening haemorrhage. These hypervascular tumours are treated by surgical excision. Preoperative embolization therefore may aid in devascularization of these tumours before surgical excision. We present the MRI features of a case of vaginal leiomyoma, which was managed by preoperative embolization and was then excised in toto. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report where preoperative embolization was performed before excision of a vaginal leiomyoma with minimal peroperative blood loss.