Introduction: The incidence, morbidity, mortality of low birth weight babies can be reduced if the maternal risk factors are detected early and managed by simple techniques. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of term babies with low birth weight were studied over a period of 1 year using hospital records with emphasis on age, parity, height, BMI and maternal diseases. Results: A total of 121 babies were included. The average birth weight in women aged 15-20 years was 1.89 kg, 21-30 years it was 2.2 kg, more than 30 years, it was 2.12 kg, and difference in weight of babies born to mothers aged 15-20 years was statistically lower. The average birth weight among Gravida1 (G1) mothers was 1.95 kg. Among G2 mothers, it was 2.27 kg and G3 was 2.28 kg. Difference in weights of babies of G1 mothers was significantly lower than babies born to G2 mothers (p<0.0001). The weight of babies of mothers with height <145cm was 2.04 kg, between 145-155cm was 2.12 kg, >155cm was 2.13 kg. The weight of babies of mothers with hemoglobin 7-10 gm/dl (1.88) was lower than weight of babies of mothers with hemoglobin >10 gm/dl (2.25). This was highly significant statistically (p value<0.0001). The weight of babies of mothers with BMI<25 was 2.08 kg, with BMI 20-25 was 2.12 kg, BMI>30 was 2.15 kg, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: We hereby conclude that lesser age, primiparity and anemia are associated with low birth weight in term infants.

BACKGROUND: India today is the diabetic capital of the world. A venous blood sugar level more than 140 mg/dl is suggestive of Gestational Diabetes mellitus (GDM) and more than 90% of these people are managed by meal plan alone. GDM tends to occur in older women with higher body mass index, higher parity, and other associated risk factor. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the hospital prevalence of GDM, maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by GDM compared with non-diabetic pregnancies managed at a tertiary care unit during the study period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Study was conducted at KING GEORGE HOSPITAL, Visakhapatnam, over a period of 2 years from October 2011 to October 2013. A total of 64 subjects of GDM were recruited and compared with 100 controls selected randomly that matched that matched for age, parity, BMI, who delivered in the hospital during the study period. RESULTS: Prevalence of GDM increases as the parity of the woman increases. Incidence of GDM increases as the age of the pregnant woman increases. Obesity and pre pregnancy weight act as high risk factors for the development of GDM. Patients with known risk factors are more likely to have GDM than those with risk factors. There is increased incidence of operative delivery among GDM cases compare to controls. There is increased prevalence of macrosomia, hyperbilirubinemia and hypoglycemia in GDM cases compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes of pregnancy in women with GDM in this study showed significantly raised incidence of hypertensive disorders, LGA Neonates, macrosomia and NICU admissions for more than 24hrs compared to non-diabetic mothers who delivered in the hospital.

Normal spleen serves as a major role in destruction abnormal blood cells, thereby causing anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. This is the reason; splenectomy is chosen management for a variety of haematological disorders in special conditions. Aim: In this study, we tried to project the benefits of splenectomy in certain conditions and to study on epidemiology related to splenectomy. Material and Methods: In this study period, we have observed a total of 32 patients with haematologic disorders, who required definite splenectomy to treat the disease. Open splenectomy was performed on all patients. After splenectomy, studied population were followed post operatively for one year and their outcome was assessed. Results: Out of 32 patients, 11 (34.3%) had ITP, 10 (31.2%) had Hemolytic anemia, 4 (6.2%) had thalassemia and acquired haemolytic anemia each, 2 (12.5%) had non hodgkins lymphoma and 1 (3.1%) patient had thrombocytopenic purpura. Among 32 patients, 9 (28.1%) presented Overwhelming Post splenectomy infection syndrome (OPSI), 8 (25%) had haemorrhage, 6 (18.75%) presented with wound dehiscence and ascites each. Mortality among patients with OPSI was observed as 44.4%. Conclusion: Along with prompt diagnosis and treatment for OPSI, clinicians should focus on educating postsplenectomized patients about their asplenic or hyposplenic status.

Recently, childhood caries have become one of the main health related diseases , especially developed by lactic acid bacteria, affecting millions of school going children worldwide. In the present work, we have isolated about 50 lactic acid bacteria samples from different tooth decay affected children from Fen Dental Clinic, Tirupur India. The emerging bacteria were confirmed by phenotype and genotype characterization. After, the pathogens were screened for the production of biofilm it was checked for the resistant mechanism of the Lactobacillus acidophilus. In this study the MTLA1-50 isolates produced strong biofilms which were confirmed for the Lactobacillus acidophilus carrying resistant capability. In particularly, the maximum strong biofilm producing strains were MTLA 32 and MTLA 50, followed by other isolates. As star fish extract has been reported to play a vital role in eliminating the bacterial biofilm for this motive in this study we have chosen the star fish, Asterias rubens extract in the concentration of 50, 100, 150 µl. The analysis was performed and executed using well diffusion standard techniques. The results showed that the strain No. MTLA 32 and MTLA 50 got the maximum zone of inhibition at 150 µl (52mm and 38 mm) of the star fish extract. The findings demonstrate that the star fish extract has a powerful anti-biotic ability to treat the dental pathogens particularly, caused by Lactobacillus acidophilus.