Objective: To determine the frequency of sensorineural hearing loss in patients presenting with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media.Methods: A total of 121 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and visited the ENT Department of Civil Hospital, Karachi were included in the study. Informed consent was taken after explaining the procedure, risks, and benefits of the study. Bone conduction thresholds were measured at frequencies (500, 1000, 2000, 4000 H2) utilizing diagnostic audiometer model TA 155. Air conduction and bone conduction thresholds >30 decibel and no air-bone gap were considered as SNHL. The opposite ear was masked while obtaining bone conduction results. All the collected data were entered into the proforma.Results: Mean ± SD of age was 35.48 ± 7.24 years. The mean ± SD of bone conduction was 29.42 ± 4.28 db. Out of 121 patients, 85 (70.24%) were male and 36 (29.76%) were female. Sensorineural hearing loss was noted in 20 (16.52%) patients. SNHL is found to be associated with age, gender, duration of symptoms, and level of bone conduction with p <0.05.Conclusion: It is concluded that CSOM is associated with SNHL. Aging can act as a precipitating factor in this pathological process. It is therefore recommended that all ENT surgeons should implement early medical and surgical management of any form of CSOM to prevent SNHL which is irreversible in most patients.
Objectives: Despite of the therapeutic advancement, post-tonsillectomy pain is one of the most commonly observed morbidities associated with this surgical procedure which in turn highlights the need for appropriate analgesic consumption that assures safety and efficacy. Through this study our basic motive was to evaluate the sucralfate efficacy in the management of post-tonsillectomy symptoms during the first week of the surgery. Study Design: An Interventional, Quasi Experimental, (double-blind), purposive study. Setting: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences & Civil Hospital Karachi. Period: From January to June 2018. Material & Methods: One hundred and forty tonsillectomy patients of both genders between the age group of 7 to 35 years were randomly included in the study and categorized into 2 groups i.e. trial (Sucralfate group; Group A) and control (Pyodine group; Group B) with 70 patients in each group. The patients in group A were recommended to gargle with sucralfate suspension 4 times a day while following the same procedure except the group B interventional product was replaced with Pyodine mouth wash. The post-operative symptoms and secondary outcomes including pain, otalgia, odynophagia, analgesic requirements, slough shedding, bleeding and other associated side-effects were monitored. Pain, otalgia and odynophagia were assessed using the universal pain assessment tool (UPAT) while the secondary outcomes through a scoring system generated internally. Results: It is revealed from the study results that there was significant decrease in the throat pain and odynophagia in group A from 3rd to 7th post-tonsillectomy day (p < 0.05); while the results were not very significant for otalgia. The same could be applied for other secondary outcomes i.e. the analgesic requirement greatly decreased in patients given sucralfate presenting faster recovery. Moreover, early return to normal diet was observed for the patients treated with sucralfate. No serious adverse effects observed among the patients both groups. Conclusion: Sucralfate can be recommended as the first choice of treatment for the management of post-tonsillectomy symptoms on the basis of its efficiency in treating pain and other symptoms and hence providing maximum safety.
SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting “COVID-19” has escalated into a pandemic and has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, there is no approved antiviral treatment available. Few antiviral agents are undergoing clinical trials for their safety and efficacy against COVID-19. With various repurposed drugs under evaluation, treatment approaches range from search for an effective antiviral, immunomodulation and anticoagulation, use of point-of-care ultrasound to novel ventilatory strategies. Newer agents targeting the inflammatory pathway are also under investigation. There are more than 1955 ongoing clinical trials of repurposed and novel agents. Here we review some of the ongoing trials that have published, at least, interim results of treating patients with COVID-19.
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