Background: Acute leukemia is the most common malignant disease in children. Some genetic abnormalities have been recognized to have prognostic or therapeutic relevance. Objective: To analyze the clinical presentations, laboratory features, and genetic abnormalities in childhood acute leukemia patients. Materials and methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study on childhood acute leukemia patients who admitted to the hospital between November, 2017 and May-2022. Results: There were 83 new patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (70.3%) and 35 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (29.7%), the ratio of male to female was 1.51:1. The median age was 5.8 ± 4.0 years. The most common symptoms were anemia (87.3%), hepatomegaly (48.3%), enlarged lymph nodes (44.9%), fever (44.9%), splenomegaly (41.5%), bleeding (39.8%) and bone pain (21.2%). Regarding laboratory features, white blood cell (WBC) median is 12.3x109/l, there is 28.8% of the patients with WBC ≥ 50x109/l. Platelet (PLT) median is 43,5x109/l, there is 75.4% patients with PLT <100x109/l. Hemoglobin (Hb) mean is 8.0 ± 2.3 g/dl, there is 78.9% patients with Hb < 10 g/dl. In ALL, genetic analysis showed that 18.1% patients have NUDT15 polymorphism, 6.9% patients have TPMT polymorphism, 12.1% patients have TEL/AML1, 4.8% patients with BCR/ABL1, 2.4% patients with MLL/AF4, 3.6% patients with E2A/PBX1 and 1.2% patient with SET/NUP214. In AML, the percentage of AML1/ETO, AML1/ETO+BCR/ABL1, PML/RARA, MLL/AF6 and KMT2A/MLLT10 were 14.2%, 2,9%, 8.6%, 5.7% and 2.9% respectively. Conclusions: The most common clinical presentations were anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, bleeding and bone pain. Some genetic abnormalities help classification, prognosis and treatment for childhood acute leukemia. Key words: Acute leukemia, children, genetic abnormalities.
Background: Preterm infants have a higher incidence of indirect hyperbilirubinemia than term infants in about 80% of cases. Approach to initial screening for hyperbilirubinemia in preterm infants by cord blood is practical, cheap and noninvasive. Objectives: To determine the value of cord blood albumin, bilirubin and bilirubin/albumin ratio to predict pathological hyperbilirubinemia in preterm infants. Materials and method: A prospective cohort study was carried out all preterm infants < 37 weeks, were born at Hospital of University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Viet Nam from 4/2018 to 8/2020. Cord blood albumin and bilirubin was collected after birth. Neonates were followed up daily for hyperbilirubinemia. Check serum bilirubin levels on the second day after birth and whenever an infant has significant hyperbilirubinemia. Results: We studied 176 preterm infants with jaundice, 88/176 (50%) infants had pathological hyperbilirubinemia. At the cut-off point for total cord bilirubin > 1.818 mg/dl and bilirubin/albumin ratio > 0.518 had a good predictive in detecting pathological hyperbilirubin in preterm infants with an AUC 0.854 and 0.842 respectively. However, cord blood albumin had no predictive value with an AUC of 0.524. Conclusion: Cord blood bilirubin and bilirubin/albumin ratio have a good discrimination in predicting pathological hyperbilirubinemia in preterm infants Key words: neonate, preterm, hyperbilirubinemia, cord blood albumin, cord blood bilirubin, bilirubin/albumin ratio.
Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common clinical problem. Approximately 60% term babies and 80% preterm babies will develop clinically apparent jaundice encountered during the first week of life. Excessive indirect bilirubin concentration can cross the blood-brain barrier and result in death or other severe neurological sequelae. Objectives: To determine the value of cord blood bilirubin to predict pathological hyperbilirubinemia in preterm. Materials and method: A prospective cohort study was carried out on 122 neonates under 37 week at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Hue, Vietnam from 4/2018 to 8/2020. Cord blood bilirubin was estimated after birth. Neonates were followed up daily for 7 days for hyperbilirubinemia. Serum bilirubin levels in peripheral blood were estimated from 24 to 36 hours after birth and when the baby developed clinical jaundice. Results: Cord blood bilirubin is a fairly predictor of pathological hyperbilirubinemia in preterm with AUC (95%CI) 0.752 (0.667-0.837). When level of total cord bilirubin is higher than 35.6 μmol/L, preterm babies developed pathological hyperbilirubinemia with a 43,3% sensitivity and 96.4% specfically and +LR 11.9. Conclusion: Cord blood bilirubin may help predict pathological hyperbilirubinemia in preterm Key words: Neonate, preterm, hyperbilirubinemia, cord blood bilirubin.
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