Boerhavia diffusa (BD) is a herb of rasayana type, according to ayurvedic statements. It is considered to offer anti-aging, anti-disease, and life-strengthening qualities. Diffusa Boerhaavia Linn. Contains a wide variety of therapeutic qualities that have been demonstrated to be beneficial in the treatment of hyperglycemia, inflammation, anxiety, hepatotoxicity, jaundice, and heart problems. Here, we focus on the chemical composition and ethnomedicinal uses of B. diffusa that extend back to ancient times, as well as their future development. B. diffusa's exceptional antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, and anticarcinogenic capabilities have drawn pioneers in science and medicine. Additionally, this herb possesses medicinal properties, which is a result of the presence of polyphenols and flavanoids, creates it more vital for clinicians and scientists to exploit in order to obtain a better understanding of its biological and pharmacological capabilities.
Cancer is a one of the leading causes of death in the world, continue to be worldwide eradicator. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a major problem with the current treatment options. It is now widely believed that many herbal dietary products are available as chemoprotective agents against commonly occurring cancer types. Piperine is an alkaloid; exhibit a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities like anti-pyretic, antimetastatic, antidepressant, antiapoptotic and antitumor activity. In this review, to focus effect of piperine on anticancer research related to their mechanism of action and its ability to regulate cancer related gene action like oncogenic and tumour supprosser gene in cycle and apoptosis as well as its therapeutic perspectives on oral cancer, online-literature were studied which includes books on phytochemistry and the electronic search (SciFinder, Pubmed, the Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and etc). Piperine action on apoptosis pathway via caspases signalling has been studied in many researches, in which piperine disrupts cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Piperine had the ability to cause cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and to activate caspase-3 and caspase-9 cascades showed selective cytotoxicity and also through the downregulation of cyclin B1 and enhanced phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) and check point kinase 2 in cell cycle. It also inhibits the functions of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and CYP3A4, which not only affects drug metabolism but also re-sensitizes multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells. Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic nature of Piperine extends its activity by stabilizing the G-quadruplex structure formed at c-myc promoter region and down regulating its expression in cancer cells. Since there is very less evidence on oral cancer piperine strength the prospective to treat oral cancer as its usefulness for the above said molecular mechanism associate with other cancer. This shows the postern to piperine against oral cancer research. Further impost of the anticancer potency of piperine on in vivo and clinical trials need to be studied for anticancer drug development in oral cancer treatment.
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