Introduction:Diabetes can be envisaged as a lifelong phenomenon having the ominous odds for multisystemic involvement in the duration of disease. The probabilities of the occurrence of these events are influenced by the adopted lifestyle. Hence, information about the disease and lifestyle modification are vital from the perspective of prognostics. This study attempts to explore the potential of a “visual dynamic tool” for imparting knowledge and consequently received acumen by diabetic patients.Objectives:To appraise the effectiveness of a constructed visual dynamic module (encompassing the various dimensions related to and affected by diabetes) by capturing the opinions, perceptions, and experiences of the diabetic patients who underwent intervention through the module.Materials and Methods:A visual e-module with dynamically imposed and animated images in the vernacular (Hindi) was prepared. This module was instituted among the diabetic patients in a logical sequence for consecutive 3 days. All the diabetic patients who underwent this intervention were interviewed in depth in order to ascertain the effectiveness of the module. These interviews were analyzed by thematic and framework analyses.Result:The visual module was perceived by the diabetic patients as an optically engaging tool for receiving, connecting, and synthesizing information about diabetes. They sensed and expressed the ease to connect with the images and labeled the received information as inclusive.Conclusion:Initial evidences suggest that visual e-module is an effective and efficient tool for knowledge management in diabetes. This issue may be further explored at diverse academic and clinical settings for gathering more information for efficacy.
Background: Congenital anamolies of extrahepatic biliary apparatus and pancreas have long been recognized and are of clinical importance because when present may surprise the surgeon during surgery and lead to iatrogenic injuries. Surgeries on extra-hepatic biliary apparatus and pancreas are regularly performed throughout the world. Thus insight into the normal anatomy and congenital variations will reduce complication and definitely improve outcome.Methods: Study was conducted in department of surgery GMC Bhopal and dissection was carried out in Department of Forensic Medicine on 100 cadavers with approval from ethical committee.Results: In 100 cases 70 were male and 30 female. The most common variation in extra hepatic biliary apparatus was short cystic duct was found in 6% cases then formation of common hepatic duct by union of right hepatic duct and left hepatic duct was intrahepatic in 3% cases. There was low insertion of cystic duct with common hepatic duct in 1% case. Cystic artery originating from left hepatic artery in 1% case, in 1% case cystic artery was anterior to common hepatic duct. In Pancreas anterior arterial arcade was absent in 2% cases and its origin varied in 2% case. Posterior pancreatic arcade absent in 1% cases and variation in origin was present in 1% case. The variation in pancreatic duct course was present in 22% cases.Conclusions: Thus significant variation was seen and it could definitely be helpful to hepatobiliary, laproscopic surgeons, radiologist and will further contribute to literature on variation of extrahepatic biliary apparatus and pancreas and its related vessels.
Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation by a tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus. Theoretically, echinococcosis can involve any organ. The liver is the most common organ involved, followed by the lungs. However, uterus and and adnexa have an incidence of 0.5-1%. Till date, three cases have been reported in which a parametrial hydatid cyst formed a bladder fistula. A 57 year old female was admitted with complaint of burning micturition along with white coloured urine for the last 15-20 days with no other significant history. On examination and evaluation, it was suspected to a neoplastic pelvic mass causing gross right sided hydronephrosis. All biochemical markers were within normal limits. The patient was explored surgically on which a thick-walled lesion was found in right parametrium. The cavity of the lesion was filled with daughter hydatid cyst, along with communication into the bladder via a fistula. Open cystectomy was done after evacuation of daughter cysts and irrigation with scolicidal agents. The fistula was repaired. The patient recovered uneventfully and was doing well on follow-up. The incidence of hydatid cysts in the female reproductive system is very low and constitutes less than 0.5% of all hydatid cysts. However, rare cases have been reported, thus the clinician must be aware of this rare disease and should take precautions while operating, as any spillage may lead to anaphylactic shock.
Introduction: The incidence of breast carcinoma in young women is on the rise, particularly in developing Asian countries like India. Owing to a unique presentation in terms of genetic background, clinical features, and histological characteristics, the prognosis becomes challenging, which therefore entails a detailed study for better understanding and management of the disease. This study aimed to establish the role of clinical and pathological parameters in breast cancer disease in young women.
Background: Fibroadenoma is the second most common tumour in the breast (after carcinoma) and is the most common tumour in women younger than 30 years. Multiple fibroadenomas (more than five lesions in one breast) are very uncommon and are considered disease. Familial bilateral multiple fibroadenoma is an exceedingly rare presentation with only one such case described earlier in medical literature where three siblings had multiple bilateral breast fibroadenomas. We report a case series of familial fibroadenomas present in four siblings, along with one case presenting with bilateral multiple fibroadenoma, which is first in the medical literature.Case Presentation: Fine needle Aspiration were suggestive of bilateral multiple fibroadenoma. Upon surgery, 10 fibroadenomas were removed from the right breast and 9 fibroadenomas were removed from the left breast. Histopathological examination was consistent with fibroadenoma with myxomatous change. Conclusion: Familial fibroadenoma of the breast is an exceedingly rare presentation of a very common tumour. This was the first reported case of 4 siblings having familial fibroadenoma. Further studies are required to investigate the familial nature of this disorder.
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