Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease due to the demyelination of axons in the central nervous system. Melatonin, as a hormone with potential anti-inflammatory effects, can reduce the MS symptoms by altering the levels of inflammatory mediators. Methods: In this study, 50 MS patients referred to the MS Society in Markazi Province were randomly selected. Each patient completed and signed a consent form and was referred to the MS Center at Vali-Asr Hospital in Arak, Iran. All patients who were routinely receiving interferon, were divided into two groups of 25 each. Group 1 (control) received placebo, and Group 2 (treatment) received one dose of melatonin (3mg) per day for 24 weeks. Patients’ recorded anthropometric data included height, weight, and age. Fasting blood samples were collected and the serum levels of INF-1β and VitB12 determined. The blood samples were immediately centrifuged to separate sera, which were kept in a freezer at -80° C. The serum levels of INF-1β and Vitamin B12 were determined, using ELISA kits. Results: The data showed that there were significant differences in the serum levels of INF-1β and Vitamin B12 between the control and treatment groups. The levels were significantly increased in the treatment group compared to those in the controls, suggesting that melatonin might have induced the changes. Conclusion: Based on the results, the application of melatonin might be a valuable strategy in the treatment of patients with MS.
IntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted syndrome correlated to hyperandrogenism and increased renin-angiotensin system activity (1,2). In other words, PCOS is a heterogeneous disease which results from interactions between genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle factors (1). This complex endocrine disease can be observed in 5-10% of women who are in their reproductive age throughout the world (1,2).Hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and chronic anovulation based on Rotterdam criteria are the major diagnostic criteria of PCOS women (3). Further, these patients usually suffer from obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases (4).Recent research recognized PCOS as a chronic lowgrade pro-inflammatory disorder associated with different metabolic and reproductive abnormalities (5). Many circulating inflammatory markers are found to mediate PCOS in response to a stimulus, including pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as different endothelial inflammation markers and oxidative stress and chronic inflammation markers (6).Cytokines involve in the regulation of ovarian function through controlling paracrine or autocrine ovarian processes (7). Furthermore, they control folliculogenesis and ovulation through providing an environment which supports follicle selection and growth. Regarding the folliculogenesis, cytokines regulate the proliferation or differentiation of cells, the survival or atresia of follicles, and oocyte maturation (8). Moreover, an impaired balance between cytokines with inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities seems to involve in the development of PCOS (9).T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokines such as interleukin (IL-3) and IL-5 contribute to inflammatory reactions and immune responses. Additionally, IL-3 secreted from helper lymphocytes, eosinophils, and natural lethal cells affects blood progesterone and mast cells (10,11).Similarly, IL-3 concentration enhances before delivery during normal pregnancy and progesterone regulates the production of this cytokine via the induction of a specific protein designated as a progesterone-induced blocking factor (12).Likewise, IL-3 and IL-5 regulate the growth, differentiation, and activation of eosinophils under normal physiological conditions. Previous research indicated that the overexpression of IL-5 in the transgenic mice is associated with the increased number of eosinophils in Abstract Objectives: Cytokines regulate ovarian activity through controlling internal ovarian processes as paracrine or autocrine regulators. In the current study, the follicular fluid (FF) concentration of some cytokines including interleukin (IL-3), IL-5, and IL-6 were investigated and compared between 39 patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 34 healthy normal women with male factor infertility as the control group. Materials and Methods: To this end, FF samples were collected by following gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol. Then, the FF concentration of the studied cytokines...
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