In the early stage after stroke, within the first 2 weeks, physical therapy (PT) has 2 main goals: prevent immobilityrelated events and stimulate motor control recovery. However, the amount of PT to provide and the time after stroke for provision remain unclear.The organization of care in multidisciplinary stroke units has reduced the risk of death and dependency after stroke, with early mobilization and rehabilitation having an important role.1-3 Very early mobilization (VEM) was defined by the AVERT group (A Very Early Rehabilitation Trial): within the first 24 hours, focusing on out-of-bed activity (sitting, standing, walking), provided at least 3× more than usual care, by physical therapists or nurses. VEM has been found safe and feasible, 4 with a significant positive effect on recovery of walking 50 m unassisted, good functional prognosis on Barthel index at 3 months, 5 and for the frequency of severe complications. 6 Hemorrhagic stroke patients showed a better level of function (walking >15.24 m). 7 The recent European recommendations 8 and those from the American Stroke Association 9 promote VEM, although how early and how much a patient should be mobilized remains controversial. Some negative impact of early (<24 hours) versus delayed (<48 hours) physical rehabilitation has been reported, with increased risk of death. 10Background and Purpose-Intensive physical therapy (PT) facilitates motor recovery when provided during a subacute stage after stroke. The efficiency of very early intensive PT has been less investigated. We aimed to investigate whether intensive PT conducted within the first 2 weeks could aid recovery of motor control. Methods-This multicentre randomized controlled trial compared soft PT (20-min/d apart from respiratory needs) and intensive PT (idem+45 minutes of intensive exercises/day) initiated within the first 72 hours after a first hemispheric stroke. The primary outcome was change in motor control between day (D) 90 and D0 assessed by the Fugl-Meyer score. Main secondary outcomes were number of days to walking 10 m unassisted, balance, autonomy, quality of life, and unexpected medical events. All analyses were by intent to treat. Results-We could analyze data for 103 of the 104 included patients (51 control and 52 experimental group; 64 males; median age overall 67 [interquartile range 59-77], 67 right hemispheric lesions, 80 ischemic lesions, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥8 for 82%). Fugl-Meyer score increased over time (P<0.0001), with no significant effect of treatment (P=0.29) or interaction between treatment and time (P=0.40). The median change in score between D90 and D0 was 27.5 (12-40) and 22.0 (12-56) for control and experimental groups (P=0.69). Similar results were found for the secondary criteria. Conclusions-Very early after stroke, intensive exercises may not be efficient in improving motor control. This conclusion may apply to mainly severe stroke. Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01520636.
aimed to quantify the degree of contracture in 8 key muscles at a chronic stage after the lesion. Methods Four independent raters assessed 18 adults with chronic hemiparesis (age: 50 AE 14, mean AE SD; time since lesion 5.3 AE 2.4 years) treated with guided self-rehabilitation contracts (GSC) [1], using the 5-step clinical assessment [2] previously described, of which step 2 evaluates passive range of motion (angle of arrest at slow speed, X V1 ) and step 3 measures the angle of catch at fast speed (X V3 ). Data from the 4 investigators were averaged. Coefficients of shortening (C SH = (X N À X V1 )/X N ; X N , normal expected amplitude) and of spasticity (C SP = (X V1 À X V3 )/X V1 ) were derived. Muscles assessed were shoulder extensors (SE), elbow flexors (EF), wrist flexors (WF), finger flexors (FF), gluteus maximus (GM), rectus femoris (RF), soleus (SO) and gastrocnemius muscles (GM).Results Mean values were: SE, C . There was a suggestion of negative correlation between C SH and C SP (Pearson's r = À0.37, NS). Conclusion In chronic hemiparesis, plantar flexors and shoulder extensors are the most shortened muscles, followed by gluteus maximus and finger flexors. This might represent an incentive to promote more aggressive posturing in the acute stages to maintain length of these important muscle groups. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of conflict of interest. References[1] Gracies JM, Blondel R, Gault-Colas C, Bayle N. Contrat d'autoré é ducation guidé e dans la paré sie spastique. De Boeck Editions, ßAssociation Neuroré é ducation en Mouvement; 2013 [108 p., ISBN 978-2-35327-169-6]. [2] Gracies JM, Bayle N, Vinti M, Alkandari S, Vu P, Loche CM, et al. Five-step clinical assessment in spastic paresis. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2010;46(3):411-21. http://dx.Background Late recovery after a first ischemic stroke is highly variable and its predictors are unknown. The present study aims at determining whether MRI data obtained one to four months after a first ischemic stroke help to predict clinical evolution up to 2 years. Methods Patients included in the PERFORM MRI study, an ancillary study of the PERFORM randomized control trial of terutroban against aspirin in secondary prevention of vascular ischemic events were selected. Mixed-effect regression modelling was used to test whether MRI data obtained one to four months after a first ischemic stroke ameliorate the prediction of further recovery, up to 2 years, compared to clinical data alone. Outcomes to predict were disability (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] and NIH Stroke Scale [NIHSS]) and cognition (MMSE, Isaac's Set Test [IST]and Zazzo's Cancellation Test [ZCT]). MRI markers were designed as the total lesion load on FLAIR (FLAIR_vol) and brain volume
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