Peritoneal adhesions are bands of fibrous tissue that can bind adjacent tissue or organs together and have a high probability of occurrence after a patient undergoes deep abdominal surgery. These adhesions can cause complications, such as chronic pain, intestinal obstruction or constriction, organ displacement, and even death, yet there exists no common diagnostic for these adhesions prior to symptomatic appearance. Furthermore, the gold standard treatment is ironically surgical removal. Nascent adhesions formed in the first 48 hafter surgery are primarily composed of fibrin. In this study, lipid shelled microbubbles have been designed as a potential theranostic agent to detect and treat adhesions using a fibrin targeting peptide called CREKA (Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala). Low amplitude through-transmission experiments were conducted to characterize the mechanical properties of the microbubble lipid shell, such as the shear modulus of elasticity and shear viscosity. Passive cavitation detection (PCD) experiments were conducted to determine the inertial cavitation threshold by which the microbubbles may break up fibrin under ultrasound exposure. [Work supported by NIH SBIR and BU Mechanical Engineering Department.]
Modern fuel injection systems operate at high pressures and flow velocities. Injectors can be pressurized in excess of 10 MPa, resulting in fuel velocities on the order of hundreds of meters/second in the mm and sub-mm internal confines of a fuel injector. Subsequent ejection velocities at the nozzle yield characteristic atomization droplet size distributions and spread angles. Studies have shown or inferred the presence of cavitation in such fuel injectors, typically beneficially decreasing ejection droplet sizes while increasing the spray spreading angle. While beneficial for fuel atomization, it is known that bubble collapse near a solid surface produces a strong jet which impinges on the surface and causes erosion. In this study, Fourier based image reconstruction is used to perform Passive Cavitation Imaging (PCI) in laboratory nozzles to detect, characterize, and most importantly localize inertial cavitation. [Work funded by DOE.]
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